The Gods and Goddesses
Æsir
Ymir
First Jötunn
Aurgelmir / Ymir / Brimir, / Bláinn / ᛁᛗᛁᚱ
Ymir is a figure from Norse mythology who is considered to be the first Giant. He is often refereed to as the 'first God' even though he is a Giant. According to the Norse creation myth, Ymir was born when fire from Muspelheim and ice from Niflheim met in the abyss of Ginnungagap. Ymir was suckled by the cow Audhumla for his nourishment. When he slept, several other giants were conceived asexually in Ymir’s hermaphroditic body, and spontaneously sprang from his legs and the sweat from his armpits.
Ymir was said to be a massive and malevolent creature, with a body made entirely of ice. From his body, other giants were born, and they populated the frozen wasteland of Jotunheim. Eventually, the gods Odin, Vili, and Ve, who were born from the union of the primordial cow Audhumbla and the giant Buri, decided to slay Ymir and use his body to create the world.
The gods descended into Jotunheim and engaged Ymir in a fierce battle. During the fight, Odin and his brothers were able to overpower the giant and slay him. They then used his body to create the world. Ymir's flesh became the Earth, his blood became the oceans, his bones became the mountains, and his hair became the trees and vegetation.
In some versions of the myth, it is said that Ymir's body continued to live on in various forms. For example, his brain became the clouds, his skull became the sky, and his eyelashes became the fence that surrounds the realm of the gods, Asgard.
Þrúðgelmir
Jötunn
Þrúðgelmir / Thrudgelmir / ᚦᚱÚᚦᚷᛖᛚᛗᛁᚱ
Þrúðgelmir is a Giant, the son of the primordial being Ymir and a brother of other giants like Bergelmir and Aurgelmir. His name means "Mighty Yeller" or "Roarer" in Old Norse. He was born from the drops of poison that dripped from the fangs of the giant serpent Jörmungandr. According to some accounts, Þrúðgelmir was the father of the giant Bergelmir, who survived the great flood of blood that followed the slaying of Ymir by the gods Odin, Vili, and Ve.
In the Poetic Edda, Þrúðgelmir is mentioned in the Vafþrúðnismál as one of the three sons of Ymir, along with Aurgelmir and Gýmir. He is described as a giant with a huge head, who roars so loudly that the mountains shake. In another account, Þrúðgelmir is said to be the father of the nine daughters of the sea goddess Ran and the giant Ægir, who are known as the Nine Wave Maidens. I personally don't adhere to this belief.
Bergelmir
Jötunn
Bergelmir / Bergelmer / ᛒᛖᚱᚷᛖᛚᛗᛁᚱ
Bergelmir is a figure who is considered to be one of the few survivors of the flood that occurred after the death of Ymir. According to the myth, Bergelmir was the son of a giant named Thrudgelmir, and he and his wife were the only ones who managed to escape the flood by climbing aboard a boat made out of a hollowed-out tree trunk.
Bergelmir and his wife then sailed to Jotunheim, the land of the giants, where they became the ancestors of a new race of giants. In some versions of the myth, Bergelmir is said to have later fought against the gods during the great battle of Ragnarok, but the outcome of this battle is not clear.
Fornjótr
Jötunn
Fornjótr / Fornjót / Fornjot / ᚠᛟᚱᚾᛃÓᛏ
Fornjót is associated with the primal elements of fire, ice, and wind. He is said to be the father of three important elemental gods: Hlér (also known as Ægir), who rules over the sea and is married to the sea-goddess Rán; Logi, the god of fire and flames; and Kári, the god of wind.
Fornjót's origins and his place in the larger pantheon of Norse gods and giants are not well-defined in the surviving myths and sagas. However, he is sometimes described as a powerful and fearsome figure who controlled the elements of the natural world in his realm.
In some accounts, Fornjót is also said to have had many other children, including a daughter named Gerd, who became the wife of the god Frey
While Fornjót himself does not have a lot of stories or myths associated with him, his offspring are important figures in Norse mythology.
Ægir
Jötunn ~ God of the Sea
Ægir / Gymir / Hlér / Gymir / ᛇᚷᛁᚱ
Ægir is associated with the sea, brewing, and hospitality. He is often depicted as a powerful and imposing figure, and he is highly respected by those who seek his help and guidance.
According to Norse mythology, Ægir was the God of the Sea and the owner of a great hall at the bottom of the ocean. He was said to be a generous and hospitable figure who would invite the gods and goddesses to his hall for feasts and celebrations.
In addition to his role as a host, Ægir was also known for his skills as a brewer. He was said to have brewed the best ale in all of the nine realms, and his ale was highly coveted by the gods and goddesses.
Despite his reputation as a generous and hospitable figure, Ægir was also known for his temper. He was said to be easily angered, and his rage was known to cause storms and shipwrecks.
Although Ægir is not mentioned in many of the primary Norse myths, he is still celebrated and revered by modern pagans who seek his help and guidance. He is often invoked during rituals and ceremonies that involve the sea, brewing, and hospitality.
In addition to his role as a god of the sea and brewing, Ægir is also associated with the concept of community. He is seen as a figure who brings people together and fosters a sense of unity and fellowship.
Today, Ægir is still celebrated in modern Norse pagan traditions. He is often invoked during rituals and ceremonies that involve the sea, brewing, and hospitality, and his reputation as a powerful and generous figure has made him an important part of Norse culture for centuries. Ægir is married to Ran, who is also known as the Goddess of the Sea. Together, they have nine daughters, known as the Nine Waves or the Billow Maidens, who represent the different moods and temperaments of the ocean. In addition to their daughters, Ægir and Ran are also said to have a son named Býleistr.
Rán
Jötunn ~ Goddess of the Sea
Rán / ᚱÁᚾ
Rán is a figure who is associated with the sea and the oceans. She is depicted as a Goddess who rules over the underwater world, and is often depicted as a terrifying and powerful figure who commands respect from all who encounter her. Rán is known for her association with drowning and it is said that those who die at sea are taken into her realm.
According to Norse mythology, Rán was married to Ægir, a giant who was also associated with the sea. Together, they had nine daughters, who were known as the wave maidens.
Rán is often depicted as a dark and foreboding figure, with long hair and a fierce gaze. She is sometimes shown carrying a net, which she uses to capture those who fall into the sea. It is said that Rán would only release those who she deemed worthy of being saved, and that she would take great pleasure in drowning those who she saw as unworthy.
Despite her fearsome reputation, Rán was not always seen as an evil figure. In fact, some Norse myths portray her as a goddess who was simply carrying out the will of the gods, and who was not motivated by malice or cruelty. In some stories, Rán is even shown as a protector of sailors, who would rescue those who were in danger of drowning.
The exact origins of Rán are not clear, but she is believed to be a very ancient figure who was worshipped by the pre-Christian peoples of Scandinavia. Her name is thought to come from an Old Norse word meaning "robber" or "thief", which reflects her association with drowning and the sea.
Heimdall
Jötunn ~
Heimdallr / Heimdall / ᚺᛖᛁᛗᛞᚨᛚᛚᚱ
Heimdall is one of the gods of Asgard and is often referred to as the watchman or guardian of the gods. Heimdall's duty is to protect Asgard from any threats and to sound the horn Gjallarhorn to signal the beginning of Ragnarok, the apocalyptic battle that marks the end of the world.
Heimdall's origins are somewhat unclear, but he is believed to have been born from nine mothers who were all sisters. He was said to be so perceptive that he could see for hundreds of miles, making him the perfect guardian for Asgard. He was also known for his incredible strength and endurance, which made him a formidable opponent in battle.
One of Heimdall's most notable attributes is his hearing. He is said to be able to hear the sound of the grass growing and even the wool growing on a sheep's back. Heimdall is often depicted holding a horn called Gjallarhorn, which he will sound to signal the beginning of Ragnarok.
Heimdall's role as the watchman of the gods is highlighted in several stories from Norse mythology. One of the most well-known is the story of the theft of the goddess Idun's apples. When the trickster god Loki steals the apples and the giants threaten to destroy Asgard, Heimdall takes it upon himself to retrieve the apples and save the gods. He succeeds in his mission and restores the apples to Idun, ensuring the continued prosperity of Asgard.
Heimdall is also believed to have fathered several important figures in Norse mythology, including the god Frey and the hero Hnossa. He is also associated with the rainbow bridge Bifrost, which connects Asgard to the world of mortals.
Thrudgelmir
Jötunn ~
Thrudgelmir / ᛏᚺᚱᚢᛞᚷᛖᛚᛗᛁᚱ
Mother of Bölþorn
Bölþorn
Jötunn ~
Bölþorn / Bölþor / Bölthorn / Bolthor/ Bolthorn / ᛒᛟᛚᚦᛟᚱᚾ
Bergelmir is a figure who is considered to be one of the few survivors of the flood that occurred after the death of Ymir, the giant who was the first being in the universe. According to the myth, Bergelmir was the son of a giant named Thrudgelmir, and he and his wife were the only ones who managed to escape the flood by climbing aboard a boat made out of a hollowed-out tree trunk.
Bergelmir and his wife then sailed to Jotunheim, the land of the giants, where they became the ancestors of a new race of giants. In some versions of the myth, Bergelmir is said to have later fought against the gods during the great battle of Ragnarok, but the outcome of this battle is not clear.
Buri
Unknown ~
Búri / Buri / Búri / Bori / Bure / ᛒÚᚱᛁ
Buri is a little-known but significant figure, as he is considered to be the ancestor of all the gods. The story of Buri's creation is told in the Prose Edda, a collection of Old Norse literature that preserves many of the myths and legends of the Norse gods.
According to the myth, Buri was the first god to exist. He was found when the frost giant Borr and the giantess Bestla were walking along the shore of the frozen sea and noticed that the ice had begun to thaw. They saw a figure emerging from the ice, and recognized him as a god. This god was Buri, and he was said to be handsome, powerful, and wise.
Buri had a son named Bor, who went on to marry the giantess Bestla and have three sons of his own: Odin, Vili, and Vé. These three sons are considered to be the primary gods of the Norse pantheon, and they were responsible for creating the world as we know it.
Buri himself is not featured prominently in the myths and legends of the Norse gods beyond his role as the ancestor of the gods. However, his importance in Norse mythology cannot be understated, as his existence and lineage were seen as essential to the creation and power of the Norse gods.
The myth of Buri's creation and his subsequent lineage is believed to reflect the importance of ancestry and lineage in Norse culture, as well as the belief in the power of the natural world and its ability to create life. It also highlights the complex relationships between gods and giants in Norse mythology, as Buri himself was not a giant, but was born from the melting of the ice that had been created by the frost giants.
Despite his relatively minor role in the mythology of the Norse gods, Buri is an important figure as the ancestor of all the gods. His creation story and lineage reflect the central themes and beliefs of Norse culture, and his existence is a testament to the power of the natural world and its ability to create life.
Bestla
Jötunn ~
Bestla / ᛒᛖᛊᛏᛚᚨ
Bestla is primarily known as the mother of Odin, Vili, and Ve, who are collectively known as the "creator gods" in Norse mythology. Bestla is a Giantess, and her union with Borr, a god, resulted in the birth of the three powerful sons who went on to play a key role in the creation of the world.
Not much is known about Bestla beyond her relationship with Borr and her children, but she is sometimes associated with the element of ice, which was a common motif in Norse mythology. Some sources also describe her as a wise and knowledgeable figure, and she is sometimes credited with teaching her sons the secrets of magic and other arcane knowledge. Her children went on to become major figures in Norse mythology, and their exploits and adventures are central to many of the stories and myths associated with the Norse gods.
Borr
Jötunn ~
Borr / Bor / Bör / Bur / Burr / ᛒᛟᚱᚱ
The Giant Borr is one of the oldest gods in the Norse pantheon. He is the father of Odin, Vili, and Ve, who are collectively known as the "creator gods" and are credited with the creation of the world in Norse mythology.
According to Norse mythology, Borr was the son of the primordial giant Buri. Father of Odin, Vili, and Ve, whom he had with his wife Bestla, who was also a giant. Borr and his sons are said to have played a key role in the creation of the world, overthrowing the giant Ymir and using his body to create the various realms of the universe.
Hönir
Jötunn ~
Hönir / Hoenir / Hœnir / Hønir / ᚺᛟᚾᛁᚱ
Hönir is associated with wisdom, intuition, and the ability to make decisions. He is often mentioned alongside two other gods, Odin and Loki, with whom he has close relationships.
According to legend, Hönir was created by Odin and his two brothers, Vili and Ve, during the early days of the world. Hönir was said to possess a keen intuition and the ability to make wise decisions, which made him a valuable ally to Odin in his role as ruler of the gods.
One of the most famous stories involving Hönir is his journey to the land of the Vanir, a group of gods who were rivals to the Aesir, the group of gods to which Hönir belonged. During this journey, Hönir was accompanied by Odin and Loki, who acted as his advisors. When the Vanir asked Hönir for his opinion on a matter, he hesitated and turned to Odin and Loki for guidance. The Vanir, feeling insulted by Hönir's indecisiveness, cut off his head and sent it back to the Aesir.
Despite this brutal end, Hönir remained an important figure in Norse mythology. He was often invoked for his wisdom and intuitive insight, and was sometimes associated with divination and the casting of runes. Some legends also depict him as a friend and companion of Odin, who relied on Hönir's counsel during times of great need.
Vé
Jötunn ~
Vé / Ve / ᚢÉ
Ve and his brothers Odin and Vili were born from the primordial giant Ymir, who was slain by the gods at the dawn of creation. Together, the three brothers used Ymir's body to create the various realms of the universe, including Midgard, the realm of humans.
Ve is often depicted as being less well-known or celebrated than his brother Odin, but he is still an important figure in Norse mythology. He is associated with wisdom and foresight, and is said to have given human beings the gift of speech and the ability to understand language.
Ve is also associated with the realm of Vanaheim, which is home to the Vanir, a group of gods who are associated with fertility, prosperity, and the natural world. In some stories, Ve is said to have been instrumental in bringing the Vanir and Aesir, the more warlike and aggressive group of gods associated with Odin, together in a truce after a long period of conflict. He represents the forces of wisdom, foresight, and harmony. He is also seen as an important ally to Odin, often aiding him in his quests and battles. His name means "Temple".
Vili
Jötunn ~
Vili / ᚢᛁᛚᛁ
Vili is one of the three creator gods, along with his brothers Odin and Ve. Together, they are credited with the creation of the world in Norse mythology.
According to Norse mythology, Vili and his brothers Odin and Ve were born from the primordial giant Ymir, who was slain by the gods at the dawn of creation. Together, the three brothers used Ymir's body to create the various realms of the universe, including Midgard, the realm of humans.
Vili is often depicted as being less well-known or celebrated than his brother Odin, but he is still an important figure in Norse mythology. He is associated with wisdom and intelligence, and is said to have helped his brothers create the first human beings, Ask and Embla, by giving them the gift of intelligence and the ability to reason.
Vili is also associated with the realm of Vanaheim, which is home to the Vanir, a group of gods who are associated with fertility, prosperity, and the natural world. In some stories, Vili is said to have been instrumental in bringing the Vanir and Aesir, the more warlike and aggressive group of gods associated with Odin, together in a truce after a long period of conflict. He represents the forces of wisdom, intelligence, and harmony. His name means "Will".
Odin
Jötunn ~
Valfather / Óðinn /Wotan/ Woden / Allfather / Óᚦᛁᚾᚾ / ᛟᛞᛁᚾ
Odin is one of the most important figures in Norse mythology, he is considered to be the chief God, and is associated with many different aspects of life, including wisdom, war, death, and magick.
Odin is often depicted as a one-eyed, bearded man, with a long cloak and a wide-brimmed hat. He is often accompanied by his two ravens, Huginn and Muninn, who fly around the world and bring him news and information, as well as his two wolves, Geri and Freki, who represent his power and strength. He is also known for riding his eight-legged horse, Sleipnir, who is said to be the fastest and strongest horse in the world.
One of the most important aspects of Odin's character is his thirst for knowledge and wisdom. In Norse mythology, he is said to have sacrificed one of his eyes in order to gain knowledge of the runes, the ancient Norse writing system. He is also associated with the concept of the "seer," and is said to have the ability to see into the future.
Odin is also closely associated with war and battle. He is said to have chosen the bravest and most skilled warriors to join him in his hall in Valhalla, where they would fight and feast until the end of the world. In addition to his role as a warrior, Odin is also associated with death and the afterlife. He is said to be the god who presides over the dead, and who welcomes the souls of warriors who die in battle into Valhalla.
Another important aspect of Odin's character is his mastery of magic. He is said to have the ability to shape-shift into different forms, and to use his magic to control and manipulate the world around him. He is also associated with the use of runes, which were used for divination, magic, and communication.
Overall, Odin is a complex and multifaceted figure in Norse mythology. He is associated with many different aspects of life, including wisdom, war, death, and magic, and is considered to be one of the most important gods in the Norse pantheon. His character is shaped by his thirst for knowledge, his role as a warrior and protector, and his mastery of magic, and he remains an enduring symbol of Norse culture and mythology to this day.
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Frigg
Jötunn ~
Frigg / Friia / Frigga / ᚠᚱᛁᚷᚷ
Frigg is the wife of Odin and the goddess of marriage, motherhood, and the home. She is also associated with fertility, weaving, and the spinning of fate. Frigg is one of the most important and complex goddesses in the Norse pantheon, and her role in mythology is both varied and significant.
The first mention of Frigg in the Poetic Edda occurs in the poem "Völuspá", where she is described as one of the Aesir, the main pantheon of Norse gods. The poem begins with a recitation of the creation of the world, and then moves on to describe the gods and goddesses who inhabit it. Frigg is mentioned in stanza 27, where she is described as being "foremost of the goddesses" and "queen of the Aesir". She is also described as being very wise and knowledgeable, with the ability to see into the future and understand the fate of all things.
One of the most significant myths involving Frigg is the story of her son Baldr, who was beloved by all the gods and goddesses. According to the myth, Frigg made all the things in the world swear an oath not to harm Baldr, but she overlooked the mistletoe plant because it seemed too small and harmless. Loki, the trickster god, discovered this oversight and used a mistletoe arrow to kill Baldr. Frigg was devastated by her son's death and went to great lengths to try and bring him back to life.
In addition to her role as a mother and protector, Frigg is also associated with weaving and spinning. According to some myths, she weaves the threads of fate on a loom and controls the destiny of all beings. She is also associated with the spinning of flax and wool, and is sometimes depicted as a weaver or spinner herself.
Frigg is a fascinating and complex figure in Norse mythology, representing the important roles of motherhood, marriage, and domestic life. She is also associated with wisdom, foresight, and the ability to see into the future, making her an important figure in the mythology of fate and destiny. Despite her importance, however, Frigg is often overshadowed by other goddesses in Norse mythology, such as Freyja and Hel, and is sometimes portrayed as being subservient to her husband Odin. Nonetheless, her role in mythology is an important one, and her stories and legends continue to captivate and intrigue people to this day.
Baldr
Jötunn ~ beauty, love, purity, peace, righteousness
Baldr / Baulur / Balder / Baldur / Baldar / ᛒᚨᛚᛞᚱ
Baldr was considered to be one of the most beloved gods among the gods of Asgard. His father was Odin, the king of the gods, and his mother was Frigg, the goddess of love and fertility. Baldr was known for his beauty, wisdom, and goodness, and was said to be loved by all.
Baldr's most famous story is his death, which was orchestrated by Loki, the trickster god. Loki was jealous of Baldr's popularity and set out to kill him. He discovered that Baldr was immune to all weapons, so he convinced the blind god Hodr to throw a spear made of mistletoe at Baldr during a game. The spear pierced Baldr's heart and he died instantly.
The death of Baldr caused great mourning among the gods, and Frigg was particularly distraught. She begged Odin to bring Baldr back to life, and he agreed to do so if all of the gods and goddesses in Asgard wept for Baldr. The gods and goddesses did weep, except for Loki, who disguised himself and refused to cry. As a result, Baldr remained dead.
The story of Baldr's death and resurrection has been interpreted in many ways by scholars and mythologists. Some see it as a representation of the cycle of death and rebirth, while others see it as a commentary on the fragility of life and the importance of mourning.
Aside from his death, Baldr is also known for his association with light and purity. He was said to have a shining presence that could banish darkness, and was often depicted carrying a torch or a lantern. In some versions of the mythology, he was also associated with the sun, and was said to ride in a chariot across the sky.
Baldr's story has had a lasting impact on popular culture, and has been the subject of many works of art and literature. In recent years, he has also become a popular figure in neo-paganism and other modern spiritual movements.
In conclusion, Baldr was a beloved and virtuous deity from Norse mythology who was known for his beauty, wisdom, and association with light and purity. His death at the hands of Loki, and the subsequent mourning of the gods, has been the subject of much interpretation and analysis. Baldr's legacy has continued to influence popular culture and spirituality to this day.
Týr
Jötunn ~
Týr / Tyr / Tiw / Tiu / ᛏÝᚱ
Týr is a God who is associated with war, law, and justice. He was viewed as a brave and honorable warrior, and was often called upon to help settle disputes and conflicts among the gods and mortals alike. Tyr was also known for his wisdom and sense of fair play, and was revered by many as a symbol of justice and righteousness.
According to legend, Tyr was the son of the god Odin and the giantess Jord. He had only one hand, having lost his right hand when he willingly sacrificed it in order to bind the monstrous wolf Fenrir, who was destined to bring about the end of the world. This act of self-sacrifice demonstrated Tyr's bravery and sense of duty, and cemented his reputation as a hero among the Norse gods.
In terms of his family life, Tyr is often depicted as being unmarried and without children in traditional Norse mythology. However, there are some accounts that suggest he may have had a wife and children in some versions of the myth.
One such account comes from the Prose Edda, a collection of Norse myths and legends compiled by the Icelandic poet and historian Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century. In this text, Tyr is said to have had a wife named Zisa, who was associated with the goddess Isis from Egyptian mythology. According to the Prose Edda, Zisa was a goddess of fertility and war, and was often called upon to protect warriors and ensure their success in battle.
In addition to his wife, Tyr is also said to have had two children, a son named Trudr and a daughter named Zeru. Little is known about these figures, and they are not mentioned in many other Norse mythology texts.
It's worth noting that the existence of Zisa, Trudr, and Zeru as members of Tyr's family is not widely recognized in mainstream Norse mythology, and may be the result of later adaptations and interpretations of the myth by modern authors and artists. Nevertheless, the story of Tyr's bravery and self-sacrifice in binding Fenrir has remained a popular and enduring aspect of Norse mythology, and his reputation as a symbol of justice and heroism has continued to inspire and fascinate people for centuries.
Bragi
Jötunn ~ God of poetry
Bragi / ᛒᚱᚨᚷᛁ
Bragi is a god of poetry and music who has been celebrated and worshipped for centuries. He is known as the god of eloquence and wisdom, and is often depicted as a bearded man carrying a harp. Bragi's name comes from the Old Norse word "bragr," which means poetry, and he is considered the patron saint of poets and bards.
Bragi's origin story is somewhat unclear, as he is not mentioned in many of the primary Norse myths. However, according to some legends, he was the son of the god Odin and the giantess Gunnlod. Odin supposedly traded his right eye for a drink from Gunnlod's mead of poetry, which he then gave to Bragi to make him the most eloquent of all beings.
Bragi is also associated with the mead of poetry, which is said to have the power to make anyone who drinks it an expert in the art of poetry. In some stories, Bragi is the keeper of the mead, and he is also said to have created the first runes, which were used in ancient Norse writing.
In addition to being the god of poetry and music, Bragi is also associated with the concept of hospitality. In Norse culture, it was considered important to be a good host, and Bragi was the embodiment of this ideal. He was said to be a generous and welcoming host, always ready to share his mead and his knowledge with guests.
Bragi is often depicted as a wise and thoughtful figure, and he is often associated with the idea of the "golden mean" – the idea that the best way to live is to strive for balance and moderation in all things. In Norse mythology, he is said to have given wise counsel to the other gods, and he is often depicted as a voice of reason and common sense.
Today, Bragi is still celebrated in modern Norse pagan traditions. He is often invoked during ceremonies and rituals that involve poetry, music, or storytelling, and he is still considered a patron of poets and bards. In addition, his association with hospitality and wisdom continues to make him a beloved figure among those who seek to live a balanced and harmonious life.
Nanna
Jötunn ~
Nanna / ᚾᚨᚾᚾᚨ
Nanna is a goddess who is primarily associated with love, marriage, and fidelity. She is the wife of Baldr, the god of light and purity, and the daughter of Nep, a god associated with mirrors and reflections.
According to the myth, after Baldr was killed by his brother Hodr with a mistletoe spear, Nanna was so devastated by his death that she died of a broken heart. Her body was placed on the funeral pyre alongside Baldr's and they were both set ablaze.
After their deaths, Nanna and Baldr were both taken to Hel, the realm of the dead ruled by the goddess of the same name. In some versions of the myth, Nanna is depicted as weeping and mourning for her husband while in Hel.
In later Norse mythology, Nanna is sometimes associated with the goddess Freyja, who is also associated with love and fertility. Some sources suggest that Nanna may have been a manifestation of Freyja or a similar goddess.
Forseti
Jötunn ~
Forseti / ᚠᛟᚱᛊᛖᛏᛁ
Forseti is a god who is associated with justice, peace, and reconciliation. His name translates to "presiding one" or "the one who sets things right" in Old Norse.
Forseti is often depicted as a wise and just judge who presides over legal disputes among the gods. He is said to be able to settle even the most complex of disputes and to always make fair and impartial decisions.
In some versions of Norse mythology, Forseti is the son of Baldr and Nanna, two other important deities in the mythology. He is also sometimes said to be the grandson of Odin, the chief of the gods.
In modern times, Forseti has also been adopted as a symbolic figure by some legal organizations and institutions, particularly in Scandinavia. For example, there is a statue of Forseti in the courtyard of the Supreme Court of Iceland, and the god has been used as a symbol on the logos of some law firms and legal associations.
Höðr
Jötunn ~
Höðr / Höd / Hod / Hoder / Hodur / ᚺᛟᚦᚱ
Höðr is associated with darkness, coldness, and winter. He is the son of Odin and Frigg, and the brother of Baldr, the god of light and beauty.
According to Norse mythology, Höðr accidentally killed his brother Baldr with a mistletoe spear, which was the only thing that could harm Baldr due to a prophecy. Höðr was not aware of the mistletoe's deadly nature, as it was too small and insignificant to be considered a threat. This act led to the beginning of Ragnarok, the end of the world.
As a result of his tragic mistake, Höðr is often portrayed as a blind and helpless god, tormented by guilt and grief for killing his beloved brother. In some versions of the myth, he is portrayed as a victim of Loki's trickery, who convinces him to participate in the deadly game.
Despite his tragic fate, Höðr is still considered a God of the winter season, he is also sometimes associated with archery and hunting, as he was said to be a skilled archer.
Gríðr
Jötunn ~
Gríðr / ᚷᚱÍᚦᚱ
She is associated with greed, vehemence, violence or impetuosity. Mother of Víðarr
Váli
Jötunn ~
Váli / Vali / ᚢÁᛚᛁ
Váli is associated with revenge and justice. He is one of the sons of the god Odin and the giantess Rindr. According to one story, Váli was born specifically to avenge the death of Baldr, Odin's son, who had been killed by Loki.
In the aftermath of Baldr's death, Odin tasked Váli with the job of seeking revenge against Loki. Váli was transformed into a wolf and given the ability to see in the dark, and he swiftly caught up with Loki. Váli then tore apart Loki's son Narvi, and used his entrails to bind Loki to a rock. Váli's actions were seen as justified, as he was avenging the death of a family member.
Váli is also associated with the concept of justice in Norse mythology. He is said to preside over the "thing" (an assembly of free men) in the afterlife, where he is responsible for hearing and deciding cases of wrongdoing. As a god of justice, Váli is seen as being impartial and fair, and his judgments are said to be final.
Váli is not widely worshipped or venerated in Norse mythology, and his role is primarily limited to his association with justice and vengeance.
Rindr
Jötunn or human princess from the east
Rindr / Rinda / Rind / ᚱᛁᚾᛞᚱ
Hermöd
Jötunn ~
Hermöd / Hermóðr / Hermoth / ᚺᛖᚱᛗᛟᛞ
Hermöd is primarily known for his role in the story of Baldr's death. He is the son of the god Odin and the goddess Frigg, and is sometimes described as a messenger or an envoy of the gods.
In the story of Baldr's death, Hermöd is tasked with journeying to the land of the dead, known as Hel, in order to plead with the goddess Hel to release Baldr from the underworld. To make the journey, he borrows Odin's magical horse Sleipnir, which is said to be able to travel between the worlds of the living and the dead.
Upon arriving in Hel's realm, Hermöd meets with Hel and makes his request, offering gifts and promises of future glory for Baldr. Hel agrees to release Baldr on the condition that all beings in the world weep for him, thus proving that he was truly loved by all. Hermöd then returns to the world of the living and delivers the message to the gods and the people, who weep and mourn for Baldr until he is finally released from the underworld.
Aside from his role in the story of Baldr's death, Hermöd is not a very prominent figure in Norse mythology. He is sometimes associated with the god Heimdall, who is also known for his keen vision and hearing, and is said to have been one of the few gods who survived Ragnarök, the end of the world in Norse mythology.
Iðunn
Jötunn ~
Iðunn / Idunn / Iðunnr / Iðunna / Gefn / Ydun / Iduna / Idony / Idun / ᛁᚦᚢᚾᚾ
Iðunn is associated with youth, beauty, and renewal. She is known for her role in providing the other gods with the golden apples of immortality, which helped to keep them forever young and vital.
Gefn is a byname for Idunn that means "the giver." It is thought to refer to her role as the provider of the golden apples.
The name "Iðunn" means "ever young," and she is often depicted as a beautiful young woman with long golden hair. According to Norse mythology, she was married to the god Bragi, who was the god of poetry and eloquence.
The story of Iðunn centers around her role as the keeper of the golden apples of immortality. These apples were said to be the source of the gods' eternal youth and vitality, and without them, they would grow old and eventually die.
In one story, the trickster god Loki tricks Iðunn into leaving Asgard, the realm of the gods, and taking a journey to a remote location. While she is gone, the other gods begin to age and weaken, and they realize that they need Iðunn and her golden apples to survive. They send out a search party to find her, and when they do, they rescue her from Loki's clutches and bring her back to Asgard.
Once she is back in Asgard, Iðunn resumes her role as the keeper of the golden apples, and the gods are once again able to stay forever young and vital.
Iðunn is also associated with fertility and the renewal of the natural world. In some stories, she is said to have the power to bring life back to plants and animals that have been destroyed by harsh weather or other disasters.
Today, Iðunn is still celebrated in modern Norse pagan traditions. She is often invoked during rituals and ceremonies that involve fertility, renewal, and the cycles of nature. Her association with youth and beauty has also made her a popular figure in modern feminist and new age circles.
In conclusion, Iðunn is a fascinating figure from Norse mythology who embodies the ideals of youth, beauty, and renewal. Her role as the keeper of the golden apples of immortality has made her an important figure in Norse culture for centuries, and her association with fertility and the cycles of nature continues to inspire modern pagans today.
Víðarr
Jötunn ~
Víðarr / Vithar / Vidarr / Vitharr / Vidar / ᚢÍᚦᚨᚱᚱ
Víðarr is known as the silent god. He is the son of Odin and the giantess Gríðr. He is known for his incredible strength and his role as a defender of the gods during Ragnarok, the end of the world.
According to the myths, Víðarr wore a magical shoe made of all the discarded scraps of leather from the human world, which made him one of the most powerful gods. He was also famous for his giant-killing abilities.
During Ragnarok, Víðarr killed the giant wolf Fenrir by inserting his foot into its mouth and tearing its jaws apart. He then proceeded to avenge his father Odin's death by slaying the wolf's father, the giant monster known as Jörmungandr.
Víðarr is often depicted as a warrior wearing a simple tunic, boots, and a distinctive wide-brimmed hat. He is also sometimes associated with revenge and justice, and it is said that he will avenge any wrongs done to him or his family.
Overall, Víðarr was a powerful and important figure in Norse mythology, known for his strength, bravery, and loyalty to his family and fellow gods.
Skjöldr
Human
Skjöldr / Skjold / Skjoldr / ᛊᚲᛃᛟᛚᛞᚱ
Skjöldr was a legendary Danish king and one of the mythological ancestors of the Danish royal family.
According to the Danish chronicles, Skjöldr was the son of Odin, the king of the gods, and the giantess Gefjon. Skjöldr became the first king of the Danish island of Sjælland (Zealand) and is considered one of the earliest legendary kings of Denmark.
Skjöldr's name means "shield" or "protector" in Old Norse, and he was known for his bravery and skill in battle. He was also associated with the shield, which was a powerful symbol of protection and strength in Norse mythology.
Skjöldr was said to have had many descendants who continued to rule over Denmark, including a long line of legendary kings and queens. In some versions of the myth, he was also said to have had a brother named Fridleif, who became the king of Sweden.
Gefjon
Jötunn ~ Goddess of Unmarried Women
Gefjon / Gefiun / Gefion / Gefjun / Gefn / ᚷᛖᚠᛃᛟᚾ
Gefjon is associated with fertility, abundance, and the land.
According to myth, Gefjon was a powerful and beautiful goddess who was skilled in magic and sorcery. She was one of the Aesir, the main gods and goddesses of the Norse pantheon, and was sometimes referred to as the daughter of Odin.
One of the most famous stories about Gefjon concerns her role in creating the island of Zealand, which is now part of Denmark. The story goes that the king of Sweden had promised Gefjon as much land as she could plow in a single night. Gefjon then transformed her four sons into powerful oxen and plowed a huge furrow in the earth, which she then sailed away with, creating the island of Zealand.
Gefjon was also associated with the goddess Frigg, who was her mother or sister in some accounts. She was sometimes depicted as a virgin goddess, and was said to have been a companion of the goddess Freyja.
In addition to her role as a fertility goddess, Gefjon was also associated with agriculture and the harvest, and was sometimes invoked by farmers and those who worked the land. She was often depicted holding a plow or a sheaf of wheat.
Unnamed Jötunn
Four Sons with Gefjon.
Nótt
Jötunn ~
Nótt / Night / ᚾÓᛏᛏ
Nótt is associated with the night. She is one of the few female deities who has a significant role, and she is considered a daughter of the giant Narvi and the goddess Nótt.
Nótt is often depicted riding on a horse named Hrimfaxi, whose mane and tail create the morning dew. As she rides across the sky, she brings darkness and stars with her, and she is often associated with the moon.
In Norse mythology, Nótt is believed to have two children, named Jord (Earth) and Dagr (Day), the latter of whom is her brother through her marriage to the god Dellingr. Nótt and Dagr are said to ride their horses around the world every day, each taking turns governing the day and the night.
Nótt's importance in Norse mythology is reflected in the fact that she is frequently mentioned in Old Norse literature, including the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda. She is also sometimes associated with magic and prophecy, and in some accounts, she is believed to have the power to grant wishes to those who invoke her.
Narfi
Jötunn ~ father of Nótt, son of Loki.
Narfi / Nörfi / Nari / Nörr / ᚾᚨᚱᚠᛁ
Naglfari
Jötunn ~ father of Auðr by Nótt
Naglfari / ᚾᚨᚷᛚᚠᚨᚱᛁ
Auðr
Jötunn ~ son of Nótt and Naglfari.
Auðr / ᚨᚢᚦᚱ
Fjörgyn
Jötunn ~
Fjörgyn / Fjorgyn / Jörd / Jörð / Jord / ᚠᛃᛟᚱᚷᛁᚾ
Fjörgyn is associated with the Earth. Her name translates to "earth" or "soil" in Old Norse. Jörd is often described as a giantess and is said to be one of the many consorts of Odin, the chief of the gods.
Jörd is often associated with fertility, agriculture, and the natural world. She is also sometimes referred to as the mother of Thor, the god of thunder, and is said to be the daughter of Nótt, the goddess of night, and Anarr, a primordial being.
In some versions of Norse mythology, Jörd is portrayed as a mother figure who cares for and nurtures the natural world. She is also associated with the concept of grounding and stability, as well as the cycles of growth and decay.
In modern times, the name Jörd has been used as a given name in some Nordic countries, particularly in Iceland, where it is sometimes spelled Jörð.
Annar
Jötunn ~ Father of Fjörgyn and second husband of Nótt.
Annar / Ónarr / ᚨᚾᚾᚨᚱ
Dellingr
Jötunn ~ God of dawn
Dellingr / Delling / Döglingar / ᛞᛖᛚᛚᛁᛜᚱ
Dellingr is associated with the dawn and is the father of the goddess Eostre (also known as Ostara). He is mentioned in the Prose Edda and the Poetic Edda, and his name means "shining one" or "luminous" in Old Norse.
According to the Prose Edda, Dellingr is said to have been created from the "beams of the sun" and was known for his radiant beauty and glowing appearance. He is also said to have been the husband of the goddess Nótt, who represented the night.
In modern neopaganism, Dellingr is often celebrated as a god of new beginnings, light, and transformation. His association with the dawn makes him a symbol of hope and renewal, and his connection to Eostre and the spring season further emphasizes this association with growth and rebirth.
Dagr
Jötunn ~
Dagur / Dagr / ᛞᚨᚷᚱ
Dagr is a minor god who is primarily associated with the day. His name means "day" in Old Norse, and he is the personification of the daylight hours. Dagr is mentioned in several sources of Norse mythology, including the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda.
According to the mythology, Dagr is the son of the god Dellingr, who is also associated with the day. Dagr is often depicted as a handsome and radiant god, whose arrival signals the beginning of a new day. He rides his horse Skinfaxi, whose mane illuminates the sky, and his movements across the sky were seen as essential to the changing of the seasons and the growth of crops.
Dagr is not featured prominently in the myths and legends of the Norse gods beyond his role as the personification of the day. However, his importance in Norse mythology cannot be understated, as the day was seen as a powerful and transformative force that brought light and life to the world each day.
The symbolism of Dagr and his association with the day also reflects the importance of light and illumination in Norse culture. The day represented a time of activity and productivity, and was seen as a time to work and make progress.
In some sources, Dagr is also associated with the goddess Nótt, who is the personification of the night. Together, they represent the balance and cycle of light and dark, day and night, in the natural world.
Thor
Jötunn ~
Thor / Þórr / Tor / ᛏᚺᛟᚱ
Thor is one of the most well-known and beloved figures in Norse mythology, and is often depicted as a mighty warrior and protector of humanity. He is the son of the God Odin and the Goddess Jord, and is considered to be the God of thunder, storms, and strength.
In Norse mythology, Thor is depicted as a powerful and muscular figure, with fiery red hair and a fierce beard. He is often shown wielding his hammer Mjolnir, which is said to be one of the most powerful weapons in the Norse pantheon. According to legend, Mjolnir was crafted by the dwarves and is capable of destroying mountains with a single blow.
One of Thor's most important roles in Norse mythology is that of a protector of humanity. He is often called upon to defend Asgard, the realm of the Gods, against the forces of evil, and is seen as a guardian of the natural order. He is also considered to be the protector of farmers and common people, and is often invoked to ensure a good harvest or to ward off danger.
Despite his fearsome reputation, Thor is also known for his sense of humor and his love of feasting and celebration. He is often depicted as enjoying the company of his fellow Gods and Goddesses, and is known to be a loyal and devoted friend to those he trusts.
In Norse mythology, Thor is associated with a number of important symbols and animals. He is often depicted riding a chariot pulled by two goats, named Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr, and is said to have a pair of magical iron gloves that allow him to grasp Mjolnir without being burned by its power. He is also associated with the oak tree, which is said to be his sacred plant.
Overall, Thor is a complex and multi-faceted figure in Norse mythology, and is considered to be one of the most powerful and important gods in the pantheon. His reputation as a protector and defender of humanity, as well as his association with strength and thunder, have made him an enduring and beloved figure in popular culture and folklore.
Sif
Jötunn ~
Sif / siv / ᛊᛁᚠ
Sif is primarily associated with fertility, agriculture, and the harvest. She is the wife of Thor, the god of thunder, and is often depicted as a beautiful and graceful woman with long golden hair.
According to Norse mythology, Sif's hair was cut off by the trickster god Loki as a prank. In order to make amends, Loki had the dwarves create a new head of golden hair for Sif, which would grow just like real hair. This new hair was said to be one of Sif's most prized possessions, and it became a symbol of her fertility and beauty.
As the wife of Thor, Sif was often called upon to assist him in his battles against the giants and other enemies of the gods. She was also associated with the land and the crops, and was sometimes depicted as a Goddess of the harvest.
Ullr
Jötunn ~
Ullr / Ull / Ullin / ᚢᛚᛚᚱ
Ullr is a god who is associated with skiing, hunting, and archery. He was worshipped primarily in the northern regions of Scandinavia and is often depicted as a skilled hunter or a traveler on skis.
In Norse mythology, Ullr is said to be the son of Sif, the Goddess of fertility and agriculture, and stepson of Thor, the God of thunder. He is also said to be the stepbrother of Magni and Modi, two of Thor's sons.
Ullr is often depicted as a solitary figure who prefers to live in the wilderness and avoid contact with other gods and mortals. However, he is still respected and revered for his skills as a hunter and warrior.
One of the most well-known stories about Ullr involves a contest of archery between him and the god Loki. In the story, Ullr easily outshoots Loki and wins a place of honor at the feast of the gods.
Móði
Jötunn ~
Móði / Modi / ᛗÓᛞᛁ
Móði is a god who is primarily associated with strength, bravery, and courage. He is one of the sons of Thor, the God of thunder, and his wife Sif, the Goddess of fertility and agriculture.
Móði and his brother Magni are the only two gods who survive the events of Ragnarok, the end of the world in Norse mythology. After the destruction of the world, the two brothers inherit their father's hammer, Mjolnir, and go on to become powerful and respected gods in their own right.
Þrúðr
Jötunn ~
Þrúðr / Thrúd / Thrud / Trud / Trude / Thrudr / ᚦᚱÚᚦᚱ
Thrudr is a Goddess who is associated with strength and power. Her name translates to "might" or "power" in Old Norse.
Thrudr is the daughter of Thor, the God of thunder, and his wife Sif, the Goddess of fertility and agriculture. She is often depicted as a strong and formidable warrior, and is said to be one of the strongest of all the goddesses.
According to some sources, Thrudr was betrothed to a human prince named Alvis, but Thor was unhappy with the match and set a series of conditions that Alvis had to meet in order to marry Thrudr. These conditions were designed to delay Alvis until the sun rose and he turned to stone, ending his life and preventing the marriage.
Jarnsaxa
Jötunn ~
Jarnsaxa / ᛃᚨᚱᚾᛊᚨᚲᛊᚨ
Jarnsaxa is a Giantess who is often associated with the element of iron. Her name translates to "iron cutlass" in Old Norse.
According to Norse mythology, Jarnsaxa was a lover of Thor, the God of thunder. Together, they had a son named Magni, who was said to be one of the strongest of all the gods. Jarnsaxa was also believed to have had other children, although their names and identities are not well-known.
Magni
Jötunn ~
Magni / ᛗᚨᚷᚾᛁ
Magni is a god who is primarily associated with strength and power. He is one of the sons of Thor, the God of thunder, and his wife Sif, the Goddess of fertility and agriculture.
In Norse mythology, Magni and his brother Móði are the only two gods who survive the events of Ragnarok, the end of the world in Norse mythology. After the destruction of the world, the two brothers inherit their father's hammer, Mjolnir, and go on to become powerful and respected gods in their own right.
Magni is often depicted as a strong and powerful warrior, and is said to be one of the strongest of all the gods. In some stories, he is also associated with the element of lightning, much like his father Thor.
Vanir
Alvaldi
Jötunn ~ father of Þjazi
Alvaldi / Ölvaldi / ᚨᛚᚢᚨᛚᛞᛁ
Iði
Jötunn ~
Iði / Idi / ᛁᚦᛁ
He is the son of Alvaldi and the brother of Þjazi and Gangr. He was the moveable or the hard-working one.
Gangr
Jötunn ~
Gangr / Gang / ɡɑŋɡz̠ / ᚷᚨᛜᚱ
He was the traveler.
Skaði
Skadi (also spelled Skathi or Skade) is a Norse goddess associated with winter, hunting, mountains, and skiing. She is often depicted as a fierce warrior Goddess, and her name is believed to be derived from the Old Norse word "skathi," which means "harm" or "damage."
According to Norse mythology, Skadi was the daughter of the Giant Thiazi. After her father's death at the hands of the Aesir, Skadi sought revenge by donning her armor and wielding her weapons. However, the Aesir instead offered her compensation in the form of a husband from their ranks, and Skadi agreed. The god they chose for her was Njord, the god of the sea and fertility. Although they were an unlikely match, they were married and had two children, Freyr and Freyja.
Skadi was associated with winter and the mountains, and was believed to have the power to bring snow and cold weather. She was also known for her hunting skills, was often depicted carrying a bow and arrows and had the ability to bring snow and cold weather. In addition, Skadi was an accomplished skier, and was believed to have taught humans the art of skiing.
In art, Skadi was often depicted wearing furs and carrying a bow and arrows. She was also sometimes depicted wearing skis and carrying a spear or a staff.
Þjazi
Jötunn ~
Þjazi / Thiazi / Thiassi / ᚦᛃᚨᛉᛁ
Þjazi was a giant who lived in Jotunheim, the land of the giants. He was known for his great strength and his ability to shape-shift into an eagle. He was also considered one of the greatest hunters in the nine worlds.
According to legend, Þjazi had a daughter named Skadi, who became a goddess of winter and skiing. Skadi was not happy with her father's death at the hands of the gods and sought revenge. She demanded that the gods make her laugh by showing her the face of her father's killer. Loki, the trickster god, agreed to do so but only if she would marry him in return. Skadi agreed to the deal, and Loki showed her the face of her father's killer, which turned out to be Thor, the god of thunder.
Þjazi's most famous myth involves his kidnapping of the goddess Idun. Idun was in charge of the golden apples that kept the gods young and immortal. Þjazi, in the form of an eagle, kidnapped Idun and took her to his fortress in Jotunheim. The gods soon realized that without Idun's golden apples, they would age and eventually die.
In order to rescue Idun, the gods enlisted the help of Loki, who was known for his cunning and trickery. Loki convinced Þjazi's daughter Skadi to lend him her magic skis, which he used to chase Þjazi in his eagle form. Eventually, Loki caught up to Þjazi and killed him with a spear made of mistletoe.
Þjazi's death caused Skadi to seek revenge, but she eventually agreed to a settlement with the gods. As part of the settlement, she was allowed to choose a husband from among the gods, and she chose Njord, the god of the sea.
In Norse mythology, Þjazi is often portrayed as a cunning and powerful giant, but also as a tragic figure who met his demise at the hands of the gods.
Njörðr
Jötunn ~
Njörðr / Njörd / Njorð / Njord / ᚾᛃᛟᚱᚦᚱ
Njörðr is a Norse god associated with the sea, fertility, and prosperity. He is also known as Njord or Njorth, and his name is believed to be derived from the Old Norse word "nýrðr," meaning "newly rich" or "prosperous." Njörðr is considered to be one of the Vanir, a group of deities associated with fertility, wealth, and wisdom, who are in conflict with the Aesir, the primary group of Norse gods.
According to Norse mythology, Njörðr was born to the giantess named Nerthus and his father is unknown. He was sent to live with the Aesir as a hostage after a war between the two groups of gods, and he eventually became one of the most respected and beloved gods in the Norse pantheon. Njörðr was also known for his marriage to the giantess Skadi, who chose him as her husband after being tricked into thinking he was Balder.
Njörðr's association with the sea is due to his ability to calm the waters and ensure a safe passage for sailors. He was often called upon by seafarers for protection during their voyages. Additionally, Njörðr was associated with fertility and prosperity, and was believed to bring abundance and good fortune to those who honored him.
In Norse mythology, Njörðr had two children: Freyja, the goddess of love and fertility, and Freyr, the god of fertility and prosperity. Both of his children were highly respected and revered by the Norse people.
Njörðr was often depicted as a handsome, mature man with a long beard, wearing a seafarer's cloak and carrying a spear. He was also sometimes depicted with a ship, a fish, or a pair of swans, which were believed to be his sacred animals.
Sister-wife of Njörðr
Jötunn ~
Snorri Sturluson characterizes Freyr and Freyja as the offspring of Njörðr by his unnamed sister, to whom he was in a ill-fated marriage.
Aurboða
Jötunn ~
Aurboða / Aurboda /
Aurboða is married to the jötunn Gymir and is the mother of Gerðr. According to some sources, Aurboða was married to the giant Hrungnir, who was famous for his duel with Thor. Aurboða is mentioned in the Prose Edda. However, very little is known about her beyond this mention. Some scholars have suggested that Aurboða was a goddess of fertility or motherhood, due to her prolific offspring.
Gymir
Jötunn ~
Gymir / ˈɡymez̠ / ᚷᛁᛗᛁᚱ
Gymir was a giant who lived in the land of Jotunheim. He was the father of Gerðr, who later became the wife of Freyr, one of the major gods in Norse mythology.
According to the myth, Freyr fell in love with Gerðr and sent his servant Skirnir to woo her on his behalf. Skirnir, armed with magical weapons, met with Gerðr in Gymir's hall and convinced her to marry Freyr. In exchange for her hand in marriage, Skirnir offered her various gifts and threatened her with curses if she refused.
Although Gymir is not a prominent figure in Norse mythology, his daughter's marriage to Freyr played an important role in the myths surrounding the gods and giants. Some scholars also suggest that Gymir's name may be related to the Old Norse word "gymir," which means "roaring sea." This has led to speculation that he may have been associated with the power of the sea, which was a common theme in Norse mythology.
Freyr
Jötunn ~
Freyr / Frey / Yngvi / ᚠᚱᛖᛁᚱ
Freyr (also spelled ) is a Norse God associated with fertility, prosperity, peace, and sunshine. He is one of the Vanir, a group of gods associated with fertility and wisdom who were in conflict with the Aesir, the primary group of Norse gods.
According to Norse mythology, Freyr was the son of Njörðr and the giantess Skadi. He was known for his beauty, and was often depicted with a golden beard and carrying a magical sword named "Freyr-sword" or "Mistilteinn." Freyr was also associated with boars, which were believed to be his sacred animals.
Freyr was believed to have the power to bring peace and prosperity to those who honored him. He was often called upon by farmers for a good harvest and by warriors for success in battle. In addition, Freyr was associated with fertility and love, and was often depicted holding a phallic symbol.
Freyr is also known for his relationship with the goddess Gerðr. According to Norse mythology, Freyr fell in love with Gerðr, who was a giantess. He sent his servant, Skirnir, to woo her on his behalf, and promised to give him his magical sword in return for his help. Skirnir succeeded in winning Gerðr's hand in marriage for Freyr, but at a great cost: he had to give up his sword, which ultimately led to his downfall.
In art, Freyr was often depicted with a phallic symbol, a boar, or a ship. He was also sometimes depicted with Gerðr or with his sister, Freyja, who was also a goddess of love and fertility.
In conclusion, Freyr is a Norse god associated with fertility, prosperity, peace, and sunshine. He was often called upon for a good harvest and for success in battle, and was associated with boars and phallic symbols. He is also known for his relationship with the goddess Gerðr, and for his magickal sword, which ultimately led to his downfall.
Gerðr
Jötunn ~
Gerðr / Gerd / Gerðr / Gerdr / Gerth / ᚷᛖᚱᚦᚱ
She is best known for her association with the fertility god Freyr, whom she married. In the Poetic Edda, Gerðr is described as a beautiful giantess, with long hair and piercing eyes. She is also described as a wealthy goddess, with gold and jewels adorning her clothing and hair.
Gerðr's story begins when Freyr sees her from his throne in Asgard and becomes enamored with her. He sends his servant, Skírnir, to woo her on his behalf. Skírnir offers Gerðr many gifts in exchange for her hand in marriage, including a magical sword and a ring. However, Gerðr initially rejects his advances, stating that she would rather live with her father than marry a god.
After Skírnir threatens Gerðr with the magical sword, she finally agrees to marry Freyr. The marriage between Gerðr and Freyr is said to symbolize the union between the fertile earth and the sun, which allows crops to grow and prosper.
Ynglings
Human ~ Kings and people
Ynglings / ᛁᛜᛚᛁᛜᛊ
The Ynglings were a legendary dynasty of Swedish kings who traced their lineage back to the god Frey. According to legend, the first king of the Yngling dynasty was Sveigder, who was succeeded by his son Vanlandi. Vanlandi's son, Visbur, was overthrown by his own son, Domar, who was succeeded by his son, Dyggvi.
Dyggvi's son, Dag the Wise, was known for his military prowess and wisdom, and he expanded the Yngling kingdom by conquering neighboring lands. His son, Agne, was killed in battle against the Finnish king, Frodi, and was succeeded by his son, Alrek. Alrek and his brother, Eirik, ruled jointly, but eventually turned against each other and fought a bitter war, which ended with Eirik's victory and Alrek's death.
Eirik's son, Yngvi-Frey, was a powerful and popular king, who was renowned for his wealth, generosity, and military prowess. He was succeeded by his son, Sveidi the Valiant, who expanded the Yngling kingdom by conquering Denmark and Norway. Sveidi's son, Halfdan the Valiant, was a great warrior and a legendary king, who was said to have fought and defeated Odin himself in battle.
Halfdan's son, Ivar Vidfamne, was a powerful and ambitious king, who conquered many neighboring lands and established a vast empire that stretched from Sweden to Russia. His son, Eystein Adil, was known for his justice and wisdom, and he continued to expand the Yngling kingdom by conquering Estonia and Finland.
The Yngling dynasty continued to rule Sweden until the 5th century AD, when they were replaced by the House of Munsö. Despite their legendary status, it is unclear how much of the Yngling saga is based on historical fact and how much is pure myth and legend.
Ynglinga saga is a Kings' saga, originally written in Old Norse by the Icelandic poet and historian Snorri Sturluson about 1225.
Beli
Jötunn ~
Beli / ᛒᛖᛚᛁ
Beli is a figure in Norse mythology who was slain by the god Freyr. According to the Prose Edda, Beli was a giant and the father of the giantess Gerðr, who later became Freyr's wife. The exact details of Beli's story are not well-known, and he is only mentioned briefly in the Eddas.
In the story of Freyr and Gerðr, Freyr becomes enamored with the beautiful Gerðr and sends his servant Skírnir to woo her on his behalf. Gerðr initially rejects Freyr's advances, but Skírnir eventually convinces her to marry Freyr by threatening her with various curses and magical charms.
It is during this story that Beli is mentioned as Gerðr's father. It is not clear whether Beli played any further role in the story or in Norse mythology as a whole.
Freyja
Jötunn ~
Freyja / Freyja / ᚠᚱᛖᛁᛃᚨ
Freyja is one of the most prominent and important Goddesses in Norse mythology. She is known for her beauty, fertility, and love, as well as her prowess in battle and her association with magic. Freyja was a member of the Vanir, a group of gods who were associated with fertility, wealth, and prosperity. She was also closely associated with the Goddess Frigg, who was her sister-in-law.
According to Norse mythology, Freyja was the daughter of Njord, the god of the sea, and the giantess Skadi. She was also the sister of Freyr, the god of fertility and prosperity. Freyja was known for her beauty and was often depicted wearing a necklace called Brisingamen, which was said to be made of gold and precious gems.
Freyja was associated with love, fertility, and sexuality, and was often called upon by women seeking to conceive or maintain a healthy pregnancy. She was also associated with war and battle, and was said to choose half of the warriors who died in battle to take to her realm of Folkvangr, while the other half were taken to the realm of the god Odin.
Freyja was also associated with magick and witchcraft, and was said to possess great knowledge and skill in these areas, especially seiðr (magic for seeing and influencing the future). She was often called upon by practitioners of magick to aid them in their spells and rituals.
In addition to her many roles and associations, Freyja was also known for her strength and independence. She rides a chariot pulled by two cats, is accompanied by the boar Hildisvíni, and possesses a cloak of falcon feathers which changes the wearer to a falcon.
Freyja is said to be married to a mysterious figure called Óðr (Old Norse for "ecstasy" or "frenzy"). Óðr is described as a wanderer who is often absent, causing Freyja to weep golden tears for his return. Some sources suggest that Óðr may be another name for Freyja's brother Freyr, who is also associated with fertility, abundance, and the harvest.
Freyja is also said to have had several children, although the father(s) of her children are not always clear. In some sources, Freyja is the mother of Hnoss and Gersemi, two beautiful daughters who are said to be the embodiment of her wealth and beauty. In other sources, Freyja is said to have had a son named Hnoss, who may be the same as her daughter. Additionally, some sources suggest that Freyja may have had a son named Byggvir with her husband Óðr or a lover named Ottar.
Freyja was a complex and multifaceted goddess who played an important role in Norse mythology. Her association with love, fertility, and beauty, as well as her prowess in battle and her knowledge of magic, made her a powerful and influential figure in the Norse pantheon.
Óðr
Jötunn ~
Óðr / Óð / Odr / Od / Óᚦᚱ
Óðr is a mysterious and enigmatic figure associated with poetry, wisdom, and inspiration. He is often depicted as the husband of the goddess Freyja, and together they are said to have had two daughters: Hnoss and Gersemi.
The name Óðr means "ecstasy" or "fury," and he is often portrayed as a wandering and absent-minded figure who is prone to fits of passion and inspiration. According to some myths, Óðr was driven mad by his love for Freyja and traveled the world in search of wisdom and knowledge. In other stories, he is said to have been a skilled poet and musician who could inspire and move people with his words and songs.
While Óðr is not as well-known as some of the other gods and goddesses in Norse mythology, he is an important figure in the poetic and mystical traditions of the culture. He is often associated with the concept of "ód," which refers to the divine inspiration that drives poets and artists to create works of great beauty and power.
Hnoss
Jötunn ~ goddess of desire and lust
Hnoss / ᚺᚾᛟᛊᛊ
Hnoss is the daughter of Freya and Óðr. She is known for her beauty and is said to have inherited her mother's love of fine jewelry and adornments. Hnoss is sometimes associated with the goddess of beauty and love, Aphrodite, from Greek mythology.
Her beauty and grace are celebrated in several poems, including the Skaldic poem Háttalykill enn forni, which describes her as "bright and shining" and "more beautiful than all other women."
Gersemi
Jötunn ~
Gersemi / ᚷᛖᚱᛊᛖᛗᛁ
Gersemi is the goddess of fertility and abundance, and is the daughter of the gods Freyja and Óðr. Her name means "precious treasure" or "jewel", and she is associated with beauty, wealth, and happiness. Gersemi is not known to have a spouse or children.
In the Poetic Edda, Gersemi is mentioned in the poem Skírnismál, where she is referred to as a precious maid sitting on her father Freyja's lap. In the Prose Edda, she is mentioned in the section on the goddess Freyja, where it is said that Freyja's husband Óðr was gone on a long journey, and that she wept tears of red gold for him. From these tears, Freyja gave birth to her daughter Gersemi, who was so beautiful that she shone like the sun.
Gersemi is often associated with the goddess Freyja and is sometimes considered to be one of her aspects. Like her mother, Gersemi is associated with love, sexuality, and beauty. She is also associated with the harvest and with the natural cycles of growth and renewal. Though little is known about Gersemi beyond her association with Freyja, she is often seen as a symbol of abundance, prosperity, and joy.
Angrboða &Loki
Fárbauti
Jötunn ~
Fárbauti / Farbauti / ᚠÁᚱᛒᚨᚢᛏᛁ
Fárbauti is the father of the trickster god Loki. His name means "cruel striker" or "dangerous hitter". Fárbauti is often depicted as a fierce and violent giant who wields lightning as his weapon. The name "Farbauti" means "cruel striker" or "dangerous hitter," suggesting a reputation for violence or aggression. However, there is relatively little information about Farbauti beyond his relationship to Loki.
According to some sources, Fárbauti's wife or consort is Laufey, and they had several children together including Loki, Helblindi, and Býleistr. However, there are other sources that suggest Loki's mother may have been someone else, such as the giantess Angrboða.
Fárbauti is mentioned in various poems of the Poetic Edda, including the Völuspá and the Lokasenna. In the Lokasenna, Loki boasts about his father's power and suggests that even the gods would be afraid to face him in battle.
Laufey
Jötunn ~ mother of Loki
Laufey / ᛚᚨᚢᚠᛖᛁ
Her name means "leafy island" in Old Norse, and she is sometimes called Nál or Nálarauf in the Prose Edda. According to Norse mythology, Laufey was a giantess, although there is some debate among scholars as to whether this was her original character or a later development in the mythos. She was said to have been the wife of Fárbauti and together they had three children: Loki, Helblindi, and Býleistr. In the Prose Edda, Laufey is described as being "exceedingly beautiful" and having long, flowing hair.
Laufey is not a major figure in Norse mythology, but her association with Loki has ensured her a place in the lore. Her name is mentioned in a number of sources, including the Prose Edda and the Poetic Edda. Despite her relative obscurity, Laufey has inspired a number of artistic and literary works over the years, and her role as Loki's mother has been explored in depth by many scholars and writers.
Helblindi
Jötunn ~ brother of Loki and Býleistr
Helblindi / ᚺᛖᛚᛒᛚᛁᚾᛞᛁ
Býleistr
Jötunn? ~
Býleistr / Byleist / ᛒᛁᛚᛖᛁᛊᛏ
Sigyn
Jötunn ~
Sigyn / ᛊᛁᚷᛁᚾ
Sigyn is a Goddess who is primarily known for her role as the wife of Loki. She is often depicted as a loyal and devoted wife who stands by Loki's side, even during his most destructive acts. According to Norse mythology, Sigyn and Loki had two children together, a son named Narvi and a daughter named Vali.
Sigyn is believed to be a goddess of fidelity, compassion, and endurance. Her name is thought to be derived from the Old Norse words "sigr," meaning victory, and "vinr," meaning friend or lover. Some scholars also believe that her name may be related to the Old Norse word "síga," meaning to move or sway, which could reflect her association with steadfastness and endurance.
In Norse mythology, Sigyn is perhaps best known for her role in helping to bind Loki during his punishment after he was caught for his role in the death of Baldr. According to legend, Sigyn remained by Loki's side, holding a bowl to catch the venom that dripped onto him from a serpent above, which caused him immense pain. Despite her own suffering, Sigyn refused to leave Loki's side, demonstrating her loyalty and devotion.
Loki
Jötunn ~
Loki / ᛚᛟᚲᛁ
Loki is a complex figure in Norse mythology, and his status as a God is a matter of debate among scholars. He is a Jötunn (Frost Giant) however, some consider him to be a God of mischief, others see him as a trickster, and still others view him as a chaos bringer or even a malevolent force. He is often depicted as a shapeshifter who can take on various forms, including those of animals and humans.
In Norse mythology, Loki is portrayed as the son of two giants, Laufey and Farbauti. He is often referred to as the blood-brother of Odin, the chief god of the Norse pantheon, and is said to have played a key role in many of the gods' adventures and exploits. Despite his close relationship with the gods, however, Loki is often depicted as an outsider and a troublemaker, and he is often blamed for the misfortunes that befall the gods.
Loki is said to have had several wives and mistresses in Norse mythology, including the giantess Angrboda, with whom he had three monstrous offspring: Fenrir the wolf, Jormungandr the serpent, and Hel the goddess of the underworld. He is also said to have had children with the goddess Sigyn, including Narfi and Vali.
Loki is a very complex figure in Norse mythology, and his character is often seen as ambiguous and contradictory. While he is sometimes portrayed as a force for good, he is just as often depicted as a source of chaos and destruction. Despite this, Loki remains one of the most fascinating and enigmatic figures in Norse mythology, and his enduring popularity has ensured that he remains a beloved character in modern pop culture as well.
Váli
Jötunn ~ son of Loki
Váli / ᚢÁᛚᛁ
NOTE: Second mention: In some versions of Norse mythology, Váli was one of the sons of Loki. He is mentioned in the Gylfaginning section of Snorri Sturluson's Prose Edda, chapter 50. After the death of Baldr, the Æsir chase down and capture Loki; in this version it is an unnamed god rather than Váli, son of Loki, who binds Loki with his son's entrails.
Narfi
Jötunn ~ son of Loki
Narfi / Nari / ᚾᚨᚱᚠᛁ
NOTE: Second mention: According to some versions of the myths, he is the son of the trickster god Loki and the goddess Sigyn.
In these versions, Narvi is sometimes portrayed as a young boy or child, and he is often associated with his brother Vali. According to some accounts, Narvi and Vali are transformed into wolves and forced to fight each other as part of Loki's punishment for his role in the death of the god Baldr.
In this myth, Narvi is killed by his brother Vali, who is magically transformed into a wolf by the gods as part of their punishment of Loki. Vali is said to have been born specifically for the purpose of avenging Baldr's death, and he is depicted as a fierce and relentless hunter. After killing Narvi, Vali goes on to avenge Baldr's death by slaying Loki's other son, the god Nari.
Beyond his role in this myth, there is not much information available about Narvi in Norse mythology. However, his tragic fate as an innocent victim caught up in the cosmic conflict between the gods and Loki has made him a memorable and poignant figure in Norse mythology.
* It is also stated Nörvi is an obscure figure in Norse mythology, and there is not much information available about him. He is sometimes mentioned as a dwarf or a giant, and in some sources, he is listed as the father of Nótt, the goddess of the night. However, other sources give different parentage for Nótt, so there is some disagreement among scholars about her origins.
So while Narvi and Nörvi are two separate figures in Norse mythology, your statement about Narvi's death at the hands of Vali to punish Loki's crimes is generally accurate. However, the parentage of Nótt is a subject of debate and uncertainty in Norse mythology.
Narvi / Narfi / Nörfi / Nari / Nörr/ ᚾᚨᚱᚢᛁ
Angrboða
Jötunn ~
Angrboða / ᚨᛜᚱᛒᛟᚦᚨ
Angrboða is a Giantess in Norse mythology and is often described as a fearsome figure. Her name means "bringer of sorrow" or "she who offers grief." She is most notably known as the mother of three monstrous children: Fenrir, Jormungandr, and Hel.
According to the "Prose Edda," Angrboða lived in the Ironwood, a forest in Jotunheim, the land of giants. She is said to have had a romantic relationship with Loki, the trickster god, and they bore three children together. Fenrir is a giant wolf who was prophesied to kill Odin during the events of Ragnarok. Jormungandr is a giant serpent that encircles the world and will rise from the sea to fight against Thor during the same apocalyptic event. Hel is the ruler of the underworld where the souls of the dead go after they die.
Angrboða is not mentioned much in the Poetic Edda but is mainly referenced in the Prose Edda. The Prose Edda is a collection of stories and poems written by the Icelandic scholar Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century. In the "Gylfaginning" section of the Prose Edda, Angrboða is described as a giantess who lives in Jotunheim and is the mother of Fenrir, Jormungandr, and Hel.
Despite her fearsome reputation, Angrboða was not widely worshipped in Norse mythology. Her significance lies in the fact that her children were seen as harbingers of the end of the world, which is an important part of Norse mythology. Her relationship with Loki also adds to her intrigue and mystique, as Loki is a complex and fascinating figure in Norse mythology.
Fenrir
Fenrir, also known as Fenrisúlfr, is a mythical wolf in Norse mythology. He is the son of the god Loki and the giantess Angrboða. Fenrir is said to be extremely large and powerful, with jaws so wide that they could swallow the sky.
According to legend, the gods were afraid of Fenrir's strength and sought to bind him. They tried using various chains, but Fenrir broke them all. Finally, they commissioned the dwarves to create a chain called Gleipnir, which was made from six impossible things, including the sound of a cat's footsteps and the beard of a woman. Fenrir agreed to let the gods bind him with Gleipnir, but only if one of the gods would put their hand in his mouth as a show of good faith. Tyr, the god of war, volunteered and lost his hand when Fenrir realized he had been tricked.
It is said that Fenrir will break free from his chains at the time of Ragnarok, the Norse end-of-the-world prophecy, and will join the giants in their battle against the gods. He will ultimately kill Odin, the king of the gods, before being killed himself by Odin's son, Vidar.
Jormungandr
Jormungandr, also known as the Midgard Serpent or World Serpent, is a giant sea serpent in Norse mythology. He is one of the three children of the god Loki and the giantess Angrboða, along with Hel and Fenrir.
According to legend, Odin, the king of the gods, threw Jormungandr into the ocean that surrounds Midgard, the world of humans. The serpent grew so large that he encircled the world, with his tail in his mouth, forming a complete circle. It is said that Jormungandr's movements cause the ocean tides and that he will continue to grow until he finally releases his tail and brings about the end of the world during Ragnarok, the Norse apocalypse.
In Norse mythology, Jormungandr is often portrayed as an archenemy of Thor, the god of thunder. Thor is said to have attempted to slay Jormungandr multiple times, but the serpent always managed to evade him. During Ragnarok, Thor and Jormungandr are destined to face each other in a final battle, with Thor killing the serpent before dying from his wounds.
Hel
Hel was believed to rule over the underworld of Helheim. Hel is Queen of the underworld, she originally was not considered a Goddess. She is depicted as a half-dead and half-alive woman, with one side of her body appearing normal while the other side is that of a rotting corpse. She is often portrayed as having a stern and serious demeanor, with a particular focus on her duties as the keeper of the dead.
According to legend, Hel was born to Loki, the 'God' of mischief, and the giantess Angrboða. This made her a member of the giant race, which was viewed with suspicion and fear by the Norse gods. When the gods learned of Hel's existence, they were deeply disturbed by her appearance and feared her power. As a result, they banished Hel to the underworld, where she was given the task of ruling over the dead.
Hel's realm was viewed as a grim and foreboding place, where the souls of the dead would go after they passed away. It was believed that Hel would judge each soul according to their deeds in life, determining whether they would be granted a place in the afterlife or forced to remain in her realm forever. Those who were deemed worthy would be sent to Valhalla, the realm of Odin, while those who had led wicked lives would be sent to Hel's realm.
Despite her dark reputation, Hel was also viewed as a Goddess of rebirth and transformation. Her half-dead, half-alive appearance was seen as a symbol of the cycles of life and death, and it was believed that she had the power to grant new life to those who had passed away. This aspect of her personality was particularly important to the Vikings, who believed that death was simply a transition from one life to the next.
In addition to her role as the ruler of the underworld, Hel was also associated with magick and the occult. She was said to possess great knowledge of the supernatural, and many people believed that she could be invoked to help them in their spells and rituals. Her close association with death and transformation also made her a popular figure in Nordic art and literature, where she was often portrayed as a powerful and enigmatic figure.
Overall, Hel is a complex and fascinating figure in Norse mythology. Her role as the ruler of the underworld and her association with death and rebirth have made her an enduring symbol of the mysteries of life and the afterlife. At the same time, her connection to magic and the occult has cemented her place as one of the most important figures in Nordic mythology, and her legacy continues to influence modern culture to this day.
Hel / Hela / ᚺᛖᛚ
Lessor Gods & Goddesses and Other
Embla
Embla (meaning "elm tree" in Old Norse) was the first woman created by the gods, along with Ask, the first man. According to legend, the god Odin and his brothers Vili and Ve created the two humans from two pieces of driftwood they found on the shore. Embla and Ask were given life and intelligence by the gods, and became the ancestors of all humanity. They were placed in Midgard, the world of humans, and given the task of populating the earth.
Ask
Ask (meaning "ash tree" in Old Norse) was the first man created by the gods, along with Embla, the first woman. According to legend, the god Odin and his brothers Vili and Ve created the two humans from two pieces of driftwood they found on the shore. Ask and Embla were given life and intelligence by the gods, and became the ancestors of all humanity. They were placed in Midgard, the world of humans, and given the task of populating the earth.
Eir
Eir associated with healing and medicine. She is often depicted as a beautiful and serene figure, and she is highly respected and revered by those who seek her help and guidance.
The name "Eir" means "mercy" or "grace," and she is sometimes referred to as "the healer." She is also sometimes associated with the goddess Frigg, who was the wife of Odin and the mother of Balder.
According to Norse mythology, Eir was one of the handmaidens of Frigg, and she was known for her healing abilities. She was said to have the power to heal any wound or ailment, and she was often called upon by the other gods and goddesses for her expertise.
In addition to her healing abilities, Eir was also associated with wisdom and knowledge. She was said to be a wise and thoughtful figure, and she was highly respected for her insights and advice.
Although Eir is not mentioned in many of the primary Norse myths, she is still celebrated and revered by modern pagans who seek her help and guidance. She is often invoked during healing rituals and ceremonies, and she is seen as a powerful and compassionate figure who can help to bring comfort and relief to those who are suffering.
In addition to her role as a healer, Eir is also associated with the idea of mercy and grace. She is said to be a compassionate and forgiving figure, and she is often called upon to help those who have been wronged or hurt.
Today, Eir is still celebrated in modern Norse pagan traditions. She is often invoked during healing ceremonies and rituals, and she is seen as a powerful and compassionate figure who can help to bring peace and comfort to those who are suffering. Her association with wisdom and knowledge has also made her a popular figure among those who seek guidance and insight.
In conclusion, Eir is a fascinating figure from Norse mythology who embodies the ideals of healing, wisdom, and compassion. Although she is not mentioned in many of the primary Norse myths, her reputation as a skilled and compassionate healer has made her an important figure in Norse culture for centuries. Today, she continues to be celebrated and revered by modern pagans who seek her help and guidance.
Sága
Sága is a lesser-known Norse goddess who is associated with wisdom, knowledge, and history. She is often depicted as a quiet and contemplative figure, and she is highly respected for her wisdom and insight.
The name "Sága" is derived from an Old Norse word that means "to see," and she is sometimes referred to as "the seeress." She is also sometimes associated with the goddess Frigg, who was the wife of Odin and the mother of Balder.
According to Norse mythology, Sága was a goddess of wisdom and knowledge who was known for her ability to remember the past. She was said to be a quiet and contemplative figure who spent much of her time meditating and reflecting on the mysteries of the universe.
In addition to her role as a seeress, Sága was also associated with history and storytelling. She was said to be a gifted storyteller who could recount the tales of the past with great clarity and insight.
Although Sága is not mentioned in many of the primary Norse myths, she is still celebrated and revered by modern pagans who seek her help and guidance. She is often invoked during rituals and ceremonies that involve wisdom, knowledge, and the exploration of the mysteries of the universe.
In addition to her role as a seeress and storyteller, Sága is also associated with the idea of stillness and quiet contemplation. She is seen as a figure who can help to bring peace and calm to those who are seeking spiritual insight and guidance.
Today, Sága is still celebrated in modern Norse pagan traditions. She is often invoked during rituals and ceremonies that involve meditation, reflection, and the exploration of the mysteries of the universe. Her association with wisdom, knowledge, and history has also made her a popular figure among those who seek insight into the past and the nature of the universe.
In conclusion, Sága is a fascinating figure from Norse mythology who embodies the ideals of wisdom, knowledge, and history. Although she is not mentioned in many of the primary Norse myths, her reputation as a seeress and storyteller has made her an important figure in Norse culture for centuries. Today, she continues to be celebrated and revered by modern pagans who seek her help and guidance.
Máni
Máni is a figure from Norse mythology who is associated with the moon. In Norse mythology, Máni was the god of the moon, and was said to ride his chariot across the sky every night, bringing light and magic to the world below. Máni was an important figure in Norse mythology, and his stories continue to inspire and captivate people today.
According to Norse mythology, Máni was the son of Mundilfari, a giant who was also associated with the sun. Mundilfari was said to be so proud of his son's beauty that he named him after the moon itself. Máni was said to be a handsome and mysterious god, with silver hair and a pale complexion.
Máni's chariot was pulled by two horses, named Hrimfaxi and Skinfaxi, and he rode it across the sky every night, bringing light and magic to the world below. It was said that if Máni did not ride his chariot across the sky each night, the world would be plunged into darkness and chaos.
In Norse mythology, Máni was often associated with the goddess Sol, who was the goddess of the sun. It was said that Sol and Máni were siblings, and that they both rode across the sky each day, one after the other. Sol was associated with the day and Máni with the night, and together they represented the passage of time.
Máni was also associated with magic and mystery. In Norse mythology, it was said that Máni's light had the power to enchant and transform those who encountered it, and that his light could be used to cast spells and create illusions.
Despite his importance in Norse mythology, Máni was not widely worshipped in modern times. However, his stories continue to inspire artists, writers, and musicians, who are drawn to his mystery, beauty, and magic. His legacy as a symbol of the moon and the passage of time continues to endure, and his stories remain an important part of Norse mythology.
In conclusion, Máni is a fascinating figure from Norse mythology who is associated with the moon and the passage of time. He was a handsome and mysterious god, whose journey across the sky each night brought light and magic to the world below. His stories continue to inspire and captivate people today, and his legacy as a symbol of the moon and magic continues to endure.
Máni / Mani / Moon / ᛗÁᚾᛁ
Sól
Sol is a figure from Norse mythology who is associated with the sun. In Norse mythology, Sol was the goddess of the sun, and was said to drive her chariot across the sky every day, bringing light and warmth to the world below. Sol was an important figure in Norse mythology, and her stories continue to inspire and captivate people today.
According to Norse mythology, Sol was the daughter of Mundilfari, a giant who was also associated with the sun. Mundilfari was said to be so proud of his daughter's beauty that he named her after the sun itself. Sol was said to be a beautiful and radiant goddess, with long golden hair and a bright smile.
Sol's chariot is pulled by two horses, Arvak and Alsvid, whose names mean "Early Waker" and "All Swift" respectively. The chariot is pursued by the wolf Skoll, who wants to catch and devour Sol, and his brother Hati, who wants to catch and devour the Moon. The chase is believed to be responsible for the movement of the Sun and Moon across the sky. It was said that if Sol did not drive her chariot across the sky each day, the world would be plunged into darkness and cold.
In Norse mythology, Sol was often associated with the god Máni, who was the god of the moon. It was said that Sol and Máni were siblings, and that they both rode across the sky each day, one after the other. Sol was associated with the day and Máni with the night, and together they represented the passage of time.
Sol was also associated with the concept of time itself. In Norse mythology, it was said that Sol's journey across the sky represented the passing of the hours and days, and that her chariot was a symbol of the cycle of life and death.
Despite her importance in Norse mythology, Sol was not widely worshipped in modern times. However, her stories continue to inspire artists, writers, and musicians, who are drawn to her beauty, power, and radiance. Her legacy as a symbol of the sun and the passage of time continues to endure, and her stories remain an important part of Norse mythology.
In conclusion, Sol is a fascinating figure from Norse mythology who is associated with the sun and the passage of time. She was a powerful and radiant goddess, whose journey across the sky each day brought light and warmth to the world below. Her stories continue to inspire and captivate people today, and her legacy as a symbol of the sun and the cycle of life and death continues to endure.
Sól / Sol/ Sunna / Sun / ᛊÓᛚ
Bil
Bil is the Goddess of the waning moon. Viðfinn had two beautiful children, one of which was a daughter, Bil. Every day he Viðfinn sent them to fetch crystal clear water from the Byrgir, old Norse for “Hider of Something .”Bil and Hjuki didn’t mind going to the well as they could watch the moon dancing through the night sky. The children loved seeing the moon’s reflection in the well where they fetched the water. They would watch the moon cross the night sky and always tried to see the horse named Hrinfaxi that drew Mani’s chariot. While flying through the sky at night, the moon god Mani loved to play with these beautiful children and didn’t like to see how cruel their father was to them. Mani didn’t have children of his own, so one night, as the children were playing in the moonlight, Mani asked them if they would like to come and live with him. Of course, the children said yes! What an exciting thing to live in the night sky with Mani, their hero. Instead of watching Mani and wondering where he is, they would be able to cross the night sky with him.
Due to the lack of information about Bil, some scholars have suggested that she may have been a minor goddess who was later absorbed into the pantheon of Norse gods as the mythology evolved. Others have speculated that she may have been a goddess of fertility or agriculture, based on her association with her sister Hjúki and the fact that they were children of the giant Hrímnir, who was associated with the earth.
Hjúki
Hjuki is the God of the waxing moon. He was one of Viðfinn's children, he was the brother of Bil.
His name means the one returning to health. One night they came across Máni while he was riding across the night sky. Máni asked if the children wanted to go with him and leave their abusive father behind. The children said yes.
Although the children were excited to live in the night sky with Máni, they told hin they would come to him the following night to tell their father where they were going to be. Viöfinn was a very cruel father; this made Máni even more proud to become their father as this showed that they were kind and responsible children.
When Bil and Hjuki told Viðfinn that they would live in the night sky, Viðfinn said they should do as they please as he didn’t care for them anyway. The next night Bil and Hjuki went to live with Mani in the night sky forever. Bil means to lessen or to decrease, and Hjuki means to increase. This symbolically aligns with filling up or pouring water out of the bucket, and thus Bil became the waning moon and Hjuki the waxing moon. These symbolic names are also related to water and its connection to the ocean tides, the coming in of the wave, and the going out of the tide.
Byggvir & Beyla
Byggvir is not a god, but one of the many servants of the gods, more specifically Freyr. The only mention of him can be found in the stanzas 55 through 56 in the Lokasenna. He is husband to Beyla, servant/maid to Freyja and they are both said to be embodyments of agriculture and forestry. Bygg is an old norse word for barley, which strengthens the connection to agriculture.
Beyla
Beyla is a minor Goddess associated with agriculture, fertility, bees and honey. She is primarily known for her association with the God Freyr, who was the god of fertility, prosperity, and abundance.
Beyla's name is believed to be derived from the Old Norse word "bey," meaning "bee," which suggests her connection to honey and the important role that bees played in Norse agriculture.
In the Prose Edda, a collection of Norse mythology and legends, Beyla is described as a servant of Freyr. She is said to have been created by the god himself, specifically to assist him in tending to his fields and crops. According to some interpretations, Beyla may represent the personification of the fertility and productivity of the earth, which was seen as essential for the survival of Norse communities.
Despite being a minor goddess, Beyla played an important role in Norse mythology, as honey and other agricultural products were essential to the survival of the Norse people. In addition to her association with Freyr, she is also sometimes associated with other Norse gods, such as Thor and Odin, as they too were believed to have control over the forces of nature and agriculture.
In modern times, Beyla is sometimes worshipped by followers of Norse paganism, who see her as a symbol of the importance of agriculture and the natural world in Norse mythology and culture.
Skinfaxi
Skinfaxi is a figure, specifically in Icelandic folklore, who is also associated with horses and the natural world. Skinfaxi is said to be the horse that pulls the chariot of the sun across the sky.
The name "Skinfaxi" is derived from two Old Norse words: "skinfax", meaning "shining mane". This name reflects the horse's appearance, which is said to be a beautiful white horse with a mane that glitters and shines like the sun.
According to legend, Skinfaxi is ridden by the god Sol, who represents the sun. As Sol drives her chariot across the sky, Skinfaxi's shining mane illuminates the world below, bringing light and warmth to all living things.
Like Hrimfaxi, Skinfaxi is an important symbol of the cycles of time and the natural world in Norse mythology. His depiction as a radiant, powerful horse also underscores the importance of horses in Norse culture, where they were often associated with fertility, nobility, and the supernatural. The story of Skinfaxi and Sol also highlights the crucial role that the sun played in the daily lives of the Norse people, providing light, warmth, and the ability to grow crops and sustain life.
Skinfaxi / ᛊᚲᛁᚾᚠᚨᚲᛊᛁ
Elli
Elli is a giantess who is associated with old age and the power that comes with it. She is featured in the story of Thor's visit to the court of the giant king Utgard-Loki in the Prose Edda.
According to the story, Thor and his companions are challenged to various competitions by Utgard-Loki and his court. One of these challenges is a wrestling match with an old woman named Elli. Despite his strength, Thor is unable to defeat Elli and is eventually forced to concede defeat.
Elli is often interpreted as a personification of old age and the inevitable decline of physical strength that comes with it. Despite her advanced age, she is able to overcome even the strongest of opponents through her experience and wisdom.
Elli's character represents an important aspect of Norse mythology, which values the wisdom and experience of the elderly. In Norse culture, old age was seen as a time of respect and reverence, and elders were often consulted for their knowledge and advice.
While Elli is not featured prominently in Norse mythology beyond her appearance in the story of Thor and Utgard-Loki, her character represents an important aspect of Norse culture and the values that were held by its people.
Eostre
Ēostre (also known as Ostara) is a goddess in Germanic paganism and is associated with the spring season and the holiday of Ostara. While her existence in Germanic paganism is somewhat disputed, the idea of Eostre has become popularized in modern neopaganism and is celebrated by some practitioners of Wicca and other forms of modern paganism including some Heathens.
According to the limited historical sources, Eostre is believed to have been a goddess of the dawn and of springtime renewal. It is said that her name is derived from the Old High German word for "dawn" or "east," which is "Ostern." She was also associated with the fertile cycles of nature and the rebirth of life in the spring.
The goddess Eostre is often depicted as a young, radiant woman with flowers and other symbols of spring and fertility. She is sometimes associated with the hare, which is a symbol of fertility and rebirth, and the egg, which is also a symbol of fertility and new life.
In modern neopaganism, Eostre is celebrated as a goddess of spring and fertility, and her festival is often observed on the vernal equinox, which marks the beginning of spring. This festival is a time for celebrating the renewal of life, new beginnings, and growth.
Hlin
Hlin is associated with protection, comfort, and consolation. She is sometimes considered to be one of the lesser-known goddesses in the Norse pantheon, but her importance is reflected in her association with some of the most important gods and goddesses.
The name "Hlin" means "protectress" or "consoler" in Old Norse, and reflects her role in protecting and comforting those who call upon her. She is sometimes depicted as a gentle and maternal figure, who provides support and guidance to those in need.
In Norse mythology, Hlin is often associated with the god Odin and his wife Frigg. She is said to have been chosen by Frigg to act as a guardian and protector of those who are dear to her, and is sometimes depicted as a companion or attendant to Frigg.
Hlin is also associated with mourning and grief, and is sometimes invoked by those who are experiencing loss or sadness. She is said to have the power to ease sorrow and provide comfort to those who are in need of consolation.
Hlin / Hlín / Hlínja / ᚺᛚᛁᚾ
Gullveig
Gullveig, also known as Heiðr or Gunnlöð, is a figure in Norse mythology associated with sorcery, gold, and war. Her story is only briefly mentioned in the Poetic Edda, and her nature and identity remain somewhat mysterious.
According to the Poetic Edda, Gullveig was a powerful sorceress who came to the halls of the gods and was burned three times by the Aesir, the principal gods of Norse mythology. However, each time she was burned, she rose again, unharmed, leading the gods to suspect that she was an immortal or a goddess herself.
Gullveig's association with gold is also mentioned in the Poetic Edda, where she is described as a greedy woman who longs for gold and causes conflict between the gods. This association with gold may reflect her role as a symbol of the allure and danger of wealth, or it may be related to her association with sorcery, which was often associated with the acquisition and use of precious metals and gemstones.
Later in the same poem, Gullveig is said to have been reborn as the goddess Heiðr, who teaches the magic of seidr to the god Odin. She is also sometimes identified with the goddess Gunnlöð, who guards the mead of poetry and is associated with the realm of the dead.
Gullveig / Heiðr / Gunnlöð / ᚷᚢᛚᛚᚢᛖᛁᚷ
Hariasa
Hariasa is a Continental Germanic goddess worshipped in Gaul, in what is now Germany. She may have been a goddess of war although this is not certain.
Hariasa / ᚺᚨᚱᛟᚨᛊᚨ
Kvasir
Kvasir is a figure in Norse mythology who is known as the wisest of all beings. According to legend, he was created by the Aesir and Vanir gods when they made peace and exchanged saliva as a sign of their new alliance. From this exchange, Kvasir was born, and he possessed an incredible amount of wisdom and knowledge.
Kvasir traveled the Nine Worlds and taught his wisdom to anyone who sought it. He was eventually killed by two dwarves, Fjalar and Galar, who then used his blood to create a magical mead known as the Poetic Mead or the Mead of Poetry. The mead granted the drinker the ability to speak and write with incredible poetic skill.
Kvasir is not depicted as having a spouse or children in Norse mythology. He is primarily known for his wisdom and the creation of the Poetic Mead. In the Poetic Edda, Kvasir is mentioned in the poem "Hávamál" as a source of wisdom and knowledge.
Kvasir / ᚲᚢᚨᛊᛁᚱ
Lóðurr
Lóðurr is a relatively obscure figure in Norse mythology, and little is known about him beyond his brief mention in the Poetic Edda. According to the Völuspá, Lóðurr is one of the three gods who created humanity, along with Odin and Hœnir. The exact nature of his role in the creation of humans is unclear, but he is often associated with fertility, growth, and new life.
In the Poetic Edda, Lóðurr is not described as having a spouse or children. Some scholars have suggested that he may be related to the Vanir, the gods of fertility and nature who were often associated with magic and sorcery. However, this is purely speculative and there is little concrete evidence to support it.
Despite his relative obscurity, Lóðurr remains an intriguing figure in Norse mythology. His association with fertility and growth suggests that he was an important deity in agricultural societies, and his role in the creation of humanity underscores his significance in the Norse worldview.
Lóðurr / Lodur / Lóður / Lódurr / Lódu / Lóthurr / Lóthur / Lódhurr / Lódhur / Lodur / Lothurr / Lothur / Lodhurr / Loðurr / Loður / Lodhur / ᛚÓᚦᚢᚱᚱ
Lofn
Lofn is a goddess in Norse mythology who is associated with love and marriage. She is mentioned briefly in the Prose Edda by Snorri Sturluson, who writes that Lofn is so gentle and kind that she can "smooth over any disputes and settle all controversies." According to the same source, Lofn is also able to intercede on behalf of couples who are prevented from marrying due to some kind of obstacle or taboo.
There is no mention of Lofn having a spouse or children in the traditional sources, but she is often grouped together with other goddesses associated with love and fertility, such as Freya and Frigg. In some interpretations, Lofn is seen as a mediator between the gods and humans, using her powers to help establish peaceful relationships and alliances.
Lofn is not featured prominently in the mythology, and there are few stories or legends that specifically focus on her. However, she is still an important figure in the Norse pantheon, and her role as a facilitator of love and marriage is seen as a crucial aspect of maintaining social harmony and order.
Lofn / ᛚᛟᚠᚾ
Mimir
Mimir is a figure in Norse mythology who is associated with wisdom, knowledge, and the well of wisdom, which was said to contain all the knowledge of the universe. Mimir was considered one of the wisest beings in the Norse cosmos and was highly respected by the gods.
According to Norse mythology, Mimir was the guardian of the well of wisdom, which was located beneath one of the roots of the world tree, Yggdrasil. In some versions of the myth, Mimir was said to have gained his wisdom by drinking from the well every day, while in others he was said to have been given the gift of knowledge by Odin in exchange for his eye.
Mimir is also known for his role in the story of Odin's sacrifice on the world tree. According to legend, Odin hung himself on the tree for nine days and nights to gain knowledge of the runes and the secrets of the universe. During this time, Mimir's head, which Odin had taken from him after his death and preserved with magic, offered him counsel and advice.
Mimir is not known to have had a spouse or any children, and there is little mention of him in Norse mythology beyond his association with the well of wisdom and his role in Odin's quest for knowledge.
In some versions of the myth, Mimir was decapitated by the Vanir during a war between the Aesir and Vanir, and Odin preserved his head with magic to gain access to his knowledge and counsel. In other versions, Mimir's head was preserved after he died of natural causes, and Odin sought it out in his quest for knowledge.
Mimir / Mim / ᛗᛁᛗᛁᚱ
Móðguðr
Móðguðr, also known as Modgud, is a figure in Norse mythology who is primarily associated with the realm of the dead, Helheim. She is described as a giantess who guards the bridge Gjallarbrú that spans the river Gjöll, which separates the world of the living from the realm of the dead.
According to Norse mythology, when a person dies, their soul travels to the underworld to be judged by the goddess Hel, who decides their fate. The souls of the righteous go to the afterlife paradise of Valhalla, while those deemed unworthy go to Helheim. Móðguðr's role is to guard the bridge and ensure that only those who are supposed to enter Helheim are allowed to pass.
Móðguðr is not known to have a spouse or children, and there is little mention of her in Norse mythology beyond her role as a guardian of the bridge to the underworld. Some scholars have suggested that she may have been based on earlier Germanic goddesses associated with death and the underworld, but this is largely speculative and not supported by concrete evidence.
Overall, while Móðguðr is not a well-known figure in Norse mythology, she played an important role in the mythology's conception of death and the afterlife. Her association with the bridge that separates the worlds of the living and the dead underscores the belief in a strict divide between the mortal and divine realms, and the importance of rituals and offerings to appease the gods and ensure a safe passage to the afterlife.
Móðguðr / Modgud / ᛗÓᚦᚷᚢᚦᚱ
Meili
Meili, also known as Möli, is a relatively obscure figure in Norse mythology and little is known about him beyond his name and some passing references in the Prose Edda.
According to the Prose Edda, Meili is one of the sons of Odin and the goddess Frigg, making him a brother of Thor and Baldr. However, there is little other information about him, and he is not mentioned in any other significant Norse myths or stories.
Meili's spouse, if he had one, is not mentioned in any surviving Norse texts, and there is no record of him having any children. Some scholars have suggested that Meili may have been a relatively minor deity associated with healing or fertility, but this is largely speculative and not supported by any concrete evidence.
Meili / mɛile / ᛗƐᛁᛚᛖ
Mundilföri
Mundilföri is a figure in Norse mythology who is associated with the cycles of time, particularly the movement of the celestial bodies. His name is Old Norse for "the one moving the moon."
In some sources, Mundilföri is said to be the father of the god Máni, who is associated with the moon, and the goddess Sól, who is associated with the sun. According to one myth, Mundilföri was so proud of his children's beauty and radiance that he named his son Máni as the god of the moon and his daughter Sól as the goddess of the sun.
Mundilföri is also mentioned in the Prose Edda by Snorri Sturluson, where he is described as one of the earliest and most powerful of the gods. According to Snorri, Mundilföri was married to Glaur, and they had two children, Máni and Sól. Snorri also notes that some people believe that Mundilföri was the one who first divided the day into equal parts and introduced the concept of timekeeping.
Mundilföri / Mundilfœri / Mundilfari / ᛗᚢᚾᛞᛁᛚᚠᛟᚱᛁ
Glaur
Glaur is a relatively obscure figure in Norse mythology, and not much is known about her. In the Prose Edda by Snorri Sturluson, Glaur is mentioned as the wife of Mundilföri and the mother of the god Máni, who is associated with the moon, and the goddess Sól, who is associated with the sun.
The name "Glaur" is Old Norse for "clear" or "bright," which is interesting given her association with the celestial bodies, which are also often described as being bright and luminous. However, beyond her connection to Mundilföri and her children, there is not much information available about Glaur's character, deeds, or significance in Norse mythology.
It is possible that Glaur was a regional or local goddess, whose mythology did not gain widespread recognition or prominence. Alternatively, it is also possible that her story has been lost or forgotten over time, as many other stories and legends from the Norse mythological tradition have been. Nonetheless, her association with the sun and the moon, as well as her name, are intriguing clues to her potential importance in the mythological and cultural traditions of the Norse people.
Glaur / ᚷᛚᚨᚢᚱ
Irpa
Irpa is a member of the Ásynjur, the goddesses of the principal pantheon in Norse mythology. She is the sister of Thoregod and has been described as the goddess of the earth. The name Irpa may indeed derive from the Old Norse word "jarpr" meaning "brown" or "dark brown."
While Irpa is not one of the most well-known figures in Norse mythology, she appears in several myths and sagas. In Njáls Saga, she is mentioned as the goddess of the earth who is invoked by a farmer to help him defeat his enemies in battle. In Porleifs Pdttr Jarlsskdlds, Irpa is said to have helped Thorolf Kveldulfsson, a legendary Icelandic warrior, by using her powers to create a hailstorm that caused his enemies to flee.
In the Jomsborg Viking Saga, as you mentioned, Irpa and Thoregod are depicted as helping the fleets of Haakon Sigurdsson and Sweyn Haakonsson in the Battle of Hjorungarag by creating a hailstorm against the enemy fleet. This myth is also mentioned in the Heimskringla, a collection of sagas about the kings of Norway, and is considered a significant event in the history of Norwegian Viking warfare.
There is no mention of any spouse or children associated with Irpa in any known sources, but as with many figures in Norse mythology, her story and associations may have varied across different regions and traditions. Overall, Irpa is an interesting and somewhat enigmatic figure in Norse mythology, associated with the power of the earth and the ability to control natural forces.
Irpa / ᛁᚱᛈᚨ
Gná
Gná is a goddess in Norse mythology who is associated with messenger and transportation. She is one of the lesser-known goddesses in the Norse pantheon, but her role is significant as she serves as a messenger for the goddess Frigg.
The name "Gná" means "to ride" or "to gallop" in Old Norse, which reflects her association with transportation and speed. She is sometimes depicted as riding a flying horse named Hófvarpnir, which can travel over land and sea.
In Norse mythology, Gná is described as one of the messengers of Frigg, the wife of Odin and the goddess of love, fertility, and marriage. Gná's role is to travel quickly between the Nine Worlds of Norse mythology to deliver messages to the gods and goddesses.
Gná is also associated with the power of sight and vision, and is said to have the ability to see things that are hidden or obscured. This power makes her an important ally for the gods and goddesses who rely on her to deliver important messages and to keep them informed about events in the Nine Worlds.
Gná / Gna / ᚷᚾÁ
The Norms
The Norns are a group of three female beings who play a significant role in Norse mythology. They are often described as goddesses of fate, weaving the threads of destiny for all beings, gods, and mortals alike. The Norns are sometimes referred to as the "weavers of fate" or the "spinners of fate."
The three Norns are named Urd, Verdandi, and Skuld. Urd, whose name means "fate," is the oldest and is associated with the past. She is often depicted as an old woman who sits at the root of Yggdrasil, the world tree, and weaves the threads of fate into a tapestry. Verdandi, whose name means "present," is associated with the present and is responsible for weaving the present moments into the tapestry of fate. Skuld, whose name means "future," is associated with the future and weaves the threads that determine the destiny of all beings.
According to Norse mythology, the Norns are present at the birth of every person, where they decide their fate and determine the course of their life. They also play a role in the fate of the gods and the outcome of battles. It is said that even the gods cannot escape their destiny, and the Norns' decisions are final.
In addition to their role as weavers of fate, the Norns are also associated with magic and divination. They are sometimes called upon by mortals seeking knowledge of the future or guidance in their lives.
Overall, the Norns are important figures in Norse mythology, representing the cyclical nature of time and the inevitability of fate.
Ríg
Rígr is a figure in Norse mythology who is associated with the origin of social classes. The name "Ríg" or "Rígr" means "ruler" or "king" in Old Norse, and the figure is often depicted as a wise and powerful deity or giant.
In the poem Rígsþula, Ríg visits three households and fathers three children with three different women, each representing a different social class. The children, named Thrall, Karl, and Jarl, are the ancestors of the three social classes in Norse society: slaves, free farmers, and nobles.
The story of Ríg is also associated with the creation of humanity, as he is said to have given the first humans their names and taught them skills and customs. Some interpretations suggest that Ríg may be a representation of the Norse god Heimdallr, due to the similarities in their descriptions and associations with the origins of social class.
Overall, Ríg is an important figure in Norse mythology as he represents the origins of social classes and the creation of humanity, and his story provides insight into the values and beliefs of Norse society.
Ríg / Rígr / ᚱÍᚷᚱ
Rindr
Rindr is primarily known for being the mother of the god Vali. According to the Prose Edda, Rindr was a giantess who was sought after by the god Odin. However, Rindr rejected Odin's advances, and Odin became angry and vengeful.
In some versions of the story, Odin eventually gets his way by putting Rindr into a deep sleep and seducing her while she is unaware. As a result of their union, Rindr gives birth to Vali, who is destined to avenge the death of the god Balder.
Rindr's story is often seen as a cautionary tale about the dangers of rejecting the advances of the gods, as well as a reflection of the sometimes fraught relationship between gods and giants in Norse mythology. Though she is not a major figure in the pantheon, Rindr's story offers insight into the complex relationships and power dynamics of the Norse gods and giants.
Rindr / Rind / ᚱᛁᚾᛞᚱ
Gjálp
appears in Völuspá hin skamma as one of nine giant mothers, possibly of Heimdallr. She is also found in the list of troll-wives in the Nafnaþulur, in a verse by Vetrliði Sumarliðason, Gjálp and Greipa are two jötnar in Norse mythology, and the daughters of the giant Geirröðr. They are killed by the thunder-god Thor. ᚷᛃÁᛚᛈ
Greip
Gjálp and Greip appear together as names of the daughters of the jötunn Geirröðr in Skáldskaparmál. During Thor's crossing of the Vimur, the river waxed so greatly that it broke high upon his shoulders. Thor then sees Gjálp standing in certain ravines, one leg in each, spanning the river. Her urinating causes the waters to swell, and he stops her by throwing a huge rock at her.When Thor arrives at Geirröðr's stronghold he is taken to a goat shed with a single seat. As he sits down he becomes aware that the seat is moving up toward the roof. He thrusts the staff Gríðarvölr up against the rafters and pushes back hard against the chair. Suddenly there is a great crash, followed by terrible screaming: Gjálp and Greip had been beneath the seat and he had broken both their backs. The name of Gjálp appears in Völuspá hin skamma as one of nine giant mothers, possibly of Heimdallr. The name is also found in the list of troll-wives in the Nafnaþulur. In a verse by Vetrliði Sumarliðason, Thor is said to have stood on lifeless Gjálp. ᚷᚱᛖᛁᛈ
Nerthus
Nerthus is a goddess from Germanic paganism, who was venerated by the ancient Germanic tribes in the area that is now modern-day Denmark, Sweden, and Germany. She is known primarily from a single account in the Roman historian Tacitus' work "Germania," written around 98 CE.
According to Tacitus, the goddess Nerthus was the mother earth or fertility goddess of the ancient Germanic people. She was said to travel among the various tribes in a sacred cart, accompanied by a retinue of priests or priestesses. When the cart arrived in a new settlement, the people would celebrate and offer sacrifices to the goddess.
The account in "Germania" describes Nerthus as a powerful and widely revered deity, whose worship was an important part of the social and religious life of the ancient Germanic people. The cult of Nerthus may have also been connected to the cult of the Matronae, a group of mother-goddesses venerated by the Germanic tribes.
Beyond the account in "Germania," there is not much information available about Nerthus, and her mythology and characteristics are largely unknown. However, her important role in the religious life of the ancient Germanic people is attested to by the account in "Germania," and she remains an intriguing figure in the history and mythology of northern Europe.
Nerthus / ᚾᛖᚱᚦᚢᛊ
Njörun
Njörun is a lesser-known goddess in Norse mythology, and there is limited information about her. She is believed to be one of the Ásynjur, or the goddesses of the Aesir, the principal pantheon of Norse mythology.
In the few references to Njörun in Old Norse literature, she is described as a goddess of desire and longing, and some scholars suggest that she may have been associated with the concept of love or fertility. Her name has been linked to the Old Norse word "njósn," which means "desire" or "longing."
Njörun's name appears in the Poetic Edda, a collection of Old Norse poems, in a list of goddesses that includes Frigg, Fulla, and Freyja. She is also mentioned in the Prose Edda, a collection of Norse myths and legends written by the Icelandic scholar Snorri Sturluson, where she is described as a goddess who possesses "knowledge of the conjugal union."
Beyond these references, there is not much information available about Njörun, and her mythology and characteristics remain largely unknown. However, her association with desire and longing suggests that she may have been an important figure in the emotional and romantic lives of the Norse gods and goddesses.
Njörun / Njǫrun / Niorun / ᚾᛃᛟᚱᚢᚾ
Sinthgunt
Sinthgunt is a little-known goddess in Germanic and Norse mythology. She is mentioned in the Old High German Merseburg Incantations, which are a collection of pagan spells or charms that were likely used for healing, protection, and other practical purposes.
In the Merseburg Incantations, Sinthgunt is described as a protective goddess who rides a horse and carries a sword. She is invoked to protect a warrior named "Hammer" who has been injured in battle. The incantation describes how Sinthgunt rides to the underworld to retrieve a healing herb called "glory-twigs" and bring them back to Hammer to heal his wounds.
Although little is known about Sinthgunt outside of the Merseburg Incantations, her name suggests that she may have been associated with war and battle, as "Sinth" or "Sind" is a Germanic root word that means "battle". She may have also been associated with healing and protection, as she is invoked for these purposes in the incantation.
Sinthgunt / ᛊᛁᚾᚦᚷᚢᚾᛏ
Sandraudiga
Sandraudiga is a minor goddess in Norse mythology, and not much is known about her. Her name appears on a votive inscription from the Roman era in Cologne, Germany, where she was worshipped as a healing goddess.
The inscription reads: "Deae Sandraudigae sacrum Sex(ti)lius Exsuperatus votum solvit libens merito", which can be translated to "Sacred to the goddess Sandraudiga, Sextilius Exsuperatus fulfilled his vow willingly and deservedly."
Based on this inscription, it is believed that Sandraudiga may have been associated with healing and fertility. However, there are no known myths or stories about her in Norse mythology, and her origins and true nature remain largely mysterious.
Sandraudiga / ᛊᚨᚾᛞᚱᚨᚢᛞᛁᚷᚨ
Sjofn
Sjöfn is a goddess in Norse mythology associated with love and attraction. Her name means "affection" or "love." She is often depicted as a beautiful woman with long hair and a gentle demeanor.
Sjöfn is primarily known for her ability to influence and inspire love between individuals. She is believed to have the power to ease conflicts and bring people together. Sjöfn is also associated with marriage and is sometimes invoked to bless a marriage or to aid in finding a suitable partner.
In some accounts, Sjöfn is listed as one of the twelve ásynjur, the principal goddesses in Norse mythology. However, she is not as well-known as other goddesses like Freyja or Frigg. Despite her relatively minor role in Norse mythology, Sjöfn continues to be honored in modern neo-pagan practices as a deity of love and relationships.
Sjofn / Sjǫfn / ᛊᛃᛟᚠᚾ
Snotra
Snotra is a goddess in Norse mythology who represents wisdom, intelligence, and proper conduct. She is one of the lesser-known goddesses, but her name is found in several Old Norse texts, including the Prose Edda and the Poetic Edda.
Snotra is known for her ability to teach proper etiquette and behavior, especially among women. She was highly respected for her intelligence and was associated with the virtues of modesty, grace, and refinement. In some stories, she is also depicted as a goddess of agriculture and fertility, helping to ensure a bountiful harvest.
While Snotra does not have any prominent myths or legends associated with her, she is mentioned in passing in several texts. In the Prose Edda, Snorri Sturluson writes that "Snotra is the name of the eighth, she is prudent and of gentle bearing." In the Poetic Edda, Snotra is mentioned alongside several other goddesses, including Fulla and Lofn.
Snotra / ᛊᚾᛟᛏᚱᚨ
Þorgerðr
Þorgerðr (also known as Thorgerd) is a goddess in Norse mythology who is associated with the land and sea. She is also known as the "Lady of the Sanctuary" and is considered a guardian of the boundaries between the human and divine realms.
According to some sources, Þorgerðr was the wife of Njörðr, the god of the sea and fertility. She was also said to have been the mother of Gerðr, who married the god Freyr.
Þorgerðr was often worshipped in conjunction with her male counterpart, Þór (Thor), and was sometimes referred to as Þórgerðr. She was associated with protecting against hostile forces and was often invoked for success in battle.
Þorgerðr is mentioned in several Norse sagas, including the Saga of Erik the Red and the Saga of the Greenlanders. In these stories, she is depicted as a powerful and respected goddess, feared and respected by both mortals and gods alike.
In later Icelandic folklore, Þorgerðr was sometimes conflated with the goddess Frigg, and her worship may have persisted into Christian times under the guise of St. Gerðr.
Þorgerðr Hǫlgabrúðr (Thorgerdr Holgabrudr) / ᚦᛟᚱᚷᛖᚱᚦᚱ
Syn
Syn is a goddess in Norse mythology, associated with protecting the sanctity of oaths and legal proceedings. She is often referred to as a "goddess of judgment."
In Old Norse, her name "Syn" means "refusal" or "denial," which refers to her role in guarding the doors of the hall where legal proceedings were held. If someone tried to enter who was not entitled to be there or who had broken an oath, she would deny them entry.
Despite being a relatively minor goddess, Syn plays an important role in Norse mythology. For example, in the story of Baldr's death, she is one of the goddesses who mourns his passing. Additionally, in the story of Thor's journey to the land of the giants, she is one of the goddesses who tries to persuade Thor to avoid the dangerous journey.
In art, Syn is often depicted as a beautiful and severe-looking woman, with long hair and a stern expression. She is sometimes shown holding a sword or a staff, which represents her role as a defender of justice and oaths.
Syn
Vár
Vár is one of the lesser-known goddesses in Norse mythology. She is associated with oaths, agreements, and vows, and is often invoked by those seeking justice or protection. Vár is also considered a goddess of truth and is said to be particularly attentive to women's oaths and promises.
In some sources, Vár is mentioned as being one of the Aesir, while in others, she is listed among the Vanir. According to one myth, Vár and Odin were once travelling together in disguise and came across a farmer who had just hanged himself. Vár refused to let Odin take the man's soul to Valhalla, insisting that the man had broken his oaths and deserved to be punished instead.
Vár is also mentioned in the poem "Völuspá" in the Poetic Edda, where she is said to preside over a hall of slain warriors who have been judged fairly. Additionally, Vár is mentioned in several kennings, or poetic expressions, such as "Vár's hand" or "Vár's embrace," which are used to refer to oaths or promises.
Overall, Vár's role in Norse mythology is relatively minor, but she represents an important aspect of Norse culture, which placed great emphasis on the importance of oaths and the need to keep one's word.
Vár / Vór / Var / ᚢÁᚱ
Zisa
Zisa is a goddess in Germanic mythology who was worshipped by the ancient Germanic tribes. She is often associated with fertility, childbirth, and possibly even the harvest. However, not much is known about her as she is only mentioned briefly in a handful of ancient texts.
In the 1st century AD, the Roman historian Tacitus described a goddess named Zisa who was worshipped among the Germanic tribes. Tacitus wrote that Zisa was the wife of the god Tuisto and the mother of Mannus, the mythical ancestor of the Germanic peoples. Tacitus did not provide much more information about Zisa, but her name suggests that she may have been associated with the sky or the heavens.
Zisa is also mentioned in several Old High German and Middle High German poems and texts. In these works, she is often associated with fertility and childbirth. One poem describes her as a "birthing goddess" who aids women in giving birth. Another poem depicts her as a goddess who presides over the harvest.
Overall, while Zisa was an important figure in Germanic mythology, very little is known about her. However, her association with fertility and childbirth suggests that she was likely an important goddess in the lives of ancient Germanic women.
Zisa / ᛉᛁᛊᚨ
Creatures
Huginn & Muninn / Hugin & Munin
Huginn and Muninn are a pair of ravens who serve as the eyes and ears of the God Odin. Huginn, whose name means "thought," and Muninn, whose name means "memory," are described as flying all over the world to gather information and report back to Odin. They are mentioned in several texts from the Poetic Edda, the oldest surviving source of Norse mythology.
The first mention of Huginn and Muninn in the Poetic Edda is in the poem "Grímnismál". In this poem, Odin is disguised as a man named Grímnir and is being questioned by a king about the names and natures of the gods. When the king asks Odin about the ravens who sit on his shoulders, Odin explains that they are Huginn and Muninn, and that they fly out into the world each day to bring him news.
In another poem, "Hávamál," Odin speaks directly about Huginn and Muninn. He says that he fears for them, as they may be captured or killed while they are out gathering information. He also speaks of his love for them, and how they provide him with valuable insights and wisdom.
The significance of Huginn and Muninn in Norse mythology lies in their role as Odin's companions and messengers. They are often depicted as symbols of wisdom, memory, and the ability to see beyond the surface of things. They are also associated with the concept of "wanderlust," as they are said to travel far and wide in their quest for knowledge and understanding.
In some interpretations, Huginn and Muninn are seen as representing the duality of human thought and memory. Huginn represents active, logical thought, while Muninn represents the passive, intuitive nature of memory. Together, they represent the balance between these two aspects of the human psyche.
Overall, Huginn and Muninn are important and fascinating figures in Norse mythology, representing the key role of communication and knowledge gathering in the Viking culture. Their stories and legends continue to captivate and inspire people to this day, serving as a testament to the enduring power and relevance of Norse mythology in modern times.
Geri & Freki
Geri and Freki are two wolves that are often associated with the god Odin. They are known as his constant companions and are frequently depicted in artwork and literature from the period.
Geri and Freki are commonly translated to mean "the greedy one" and "the ravenous one" respectively. They are described as being very similar in appearance, with shaggy coats and fierce eyes. Despite their ferocity, they are known to be loyal companions to Odin, who often shared his food with them.
The exact origin and significance of Geri and Freki in Norse mythology is not entirely clear. Some scholars have suggested that they may represent Odin's own primal nature, while others believe that they may be connected to Odin's role as a god of battle and warfare.
In Norse mythology, Odin was known to gather the souls of fallen warriors to Valhalla, his hall in Asgard. It is believed that Geri and Freki were sometimes sent out to search for the souls of fallen warriors and bring them back to Odin in Valhalla.
Despite their association with Odin, Geri and Freki are not considered to be major figures in Norse mythology. However, their presence in the mythology highlights the importance of animals in Norse culture, and the connection between humans and nature.
In conclusion, Geri and Freki are two wolves that are associated with the god Odin in Norse mythology. They are known for their loyalty and ferocity, and are often depicted as Odin's constant companions. While their exact significance in Norse mythology is not entirely clear, their presence highlights the importance of animals in Norse culture, and the connection between humans and nature.
Sleipnir
Sleipnir is an eight-legged horse that plays a significant role in Norse mythology. He is the steed of Odin, the king of the gods, and is often depicted as the fastest and most powerful horse in the world.
Sleipnir's origins are somewhat unusual. According to Norse mythology, he was born when Loki, the trickster god, transformed himself into a mare and mated with the stallion Svaðilfari. As a result of this union, Sleipnir was born, with eight legs that allowed him to run faster than any other horse in the world.
Sleipnir is most famous for his role as Odin's steed. He is said to be able to travel to any of the nine worlds of Norse mythology with incredible speed, thanks to his eight legs. This ability made him invaluable to Odin, who was known for his love of travel and exploration.
One of the most famous stories involving Sleipnir is the myth of Odin's journey to the underworld. In this story, Odin rides Sleipnir to Hel, the realm of the dead, in order to seek wisdom from the goddess of death, Hel. Odin is able to make the journey quickly and safely thanks to Sleipnir's speed and agility.
Sleipnir is also associated with the god Loki, who is believed to have given birth to him. In some versions of the mythology, Loki is said to have gifted Sleipnir to Odin as a sign of his loyalty and respect.
Sleipnir's importance in Norse mythology is evident in the fact that he is often depicted in art and literature from the period. He is considered to be one of the most important creatures in the Norse pantheon, and his speed and agility make him a symbol of power and strength.
In conclusion, Sleipnir is an eight-legged horse that plays a significant role in Norse mythology. He is the steed of Odin, the king of the gods, and is often depicted as the fastest and most powerful horse in the world. Sleipnir's speed and agility make him an important symbol of power and strength in Norse mythology, and his ability to travel to any of the nine worlds is a testament to his importance as Odin's steed.
Audhumla
Audhumla, also known as Auðumbla or Ödhumla, is an important figure in Norse mythology. She is often considered to be the primeval cow who helped create the universe and is a symbol of fertility, nourishment, and the cycle of life.
According to Norse mythology, Audhumla was the first being to emerge from Ginnungagap, the primordial void that existed before the creation of the world. She is said to have licked the ice that surrounded her, creating the first man, Buri, and the gods Odin, Vili, and Ve.
Audhumla's association with the creation of the universe makes her an important figure in Norse mythology. She is often depicted as a symbol of fertility and nourishment, as it was believed that she was able to sustain herself by licking the ice and producing milk from her udders. This ability to provide nourishment and sustenance to others is seen as a symbol of her power and importance in Norse mythology.
In some versions of the mythology, Audhumla is also associated with Ymir, the first giant. According to these stories, Audhumla was responsible for nourishing Ymir, who in turn became the progenitor of the giants. This association with both the gods and the giants highlights the role that Audhumla played in the creation and balance of the Norse universe.
Audhumla's importance in Norse mythology is evident in the fact that she is often depicted in art and literature from the period. She is considered to be a symbol of fertility, nourishment, and the cycle of life, and her association with the creation of the universe makes her an important figure in the Norse pantheon.
In conclusion, Audhumla is an important figure in Norse mythology. She is often considered to be the primeval cow who helped create the universe and is a symbol of fertility, nourishment, and the cycle of life. Her ability to sustain herself by licking the ice and producing milk from her udders highlights her power and importance in Norse mythology. Audhumla's association with both the gods and the giants underscores the role she played in the creation and balance of the Norse universe.
Hrimfaxi
Hrimfaxi is a figure in Norse mythology, specifically in Icelandic folklore, who is associated with the night and the moon. Hrimfaxi is said to be the horse that pulls the chariot of the moon across the night sky.
The name "Hrimfaxi" is derived from two Old Norse words: "hrím", meaning "frost", and "faxi", meaning "mane". This name reflects the horse's appearance, which is said to be white or light gray in color, with a mane made of frost or snow.
According to legend, Hrimfaxi is ridden by the goddess Nótt, who represents the night. As Nótt drives her chariot across the sky, Hrimfaxi leaves behind him a trail of frost and snow that glistens in the moonlight.
Hrimfaxi / ᚺᚱᛁᛗᚠᚨᚲᛊᛁ
Ratatöskr
In Norse mythology, Ratatoskr is a fascinating and mischievous character associated with the world tree Yggdrasil. As the messenger that traverses the tree, Ratatoskr plays a unique role in relaying messages and interactions between various beings in the mythological cosmos. Although Ratatoskr's appearances and descriptions are relatively limited in surviving Norse texts, his significance and symbolism provide valuable insights into the ancient Norse worldview.
Origins and Literary Sources: Ratatoskr is mentioned in the Prose Edda, a collection of Old Norse literature compiled by the Icelandic scholar Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century. The primary sources for Norse mythology, such as the Poetic Edda and various sagas, do not extensively detail Ratatoskr. However, the information available offers intriguing glimpses into the character's nature and role.
Physical Description: Ratatoskr is commonly described as a squirrel. Although specific details about his physical appearance are scarce in the surviving texts, he is generally depicted as a small creature with agility and quick movements, befitting his role as a messenger traversing Yggdrasil.
Role and Interactions: Ratatoskr's central role in Norse mythology is that of a messenger who travels between the different levels of Yggdrasil, relaying messages and fostering communication between various beings. The world tree Yggdrasil is a colossal ash tree that symbolizes the cosmic order and the interconnectedness of the nine realms in Norse mythology.
Ratatoskr's interactions primarily revolve around two notable figures associated with Yggdrasil: the eagle and the serpent Nidhogg. Ratatoskr engages in an ongoing exchange of insults and provocations between the eagle perched at the topmost branches of Yggdrasil and the serpent residing beneath its roots. This communication creates an atmosphere of tension and conflict between the two creatures.
Symbolism and Interpretations: Ratatoskr's role and symbolism offer several interpretations within Norse mythology:
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Communication and Interconnectedness: Ratatoskr's function as a messenger emphasizes the importance of communication and information exchange in the mythological cosmos. His journeys between the realms and his role as a mediator highlight the interconnectedness of the different worlds.
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Cosmic Order and Stability: Yggdrasil represents the cosmic order and stability of the Norse mythological universe. Ratatoskr's ability to traverse the tree and maintain communication suggests that a well-functioning and interconnected cosmos rely on effective communication and harmony between different beings and realms.
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Conflict and Animosity: The exchanges between Ratatoskr, the eagle, and Nidhogg reflect the enduring conflict within Norse mythology. Ratatoskr's role as the provocateur highlights the constant tension and animosity present in the cosmos, mirroring the eternal struggle between order and chaos.
Cultural Significance and Legacy: Ratatoskr's inclusion in Norse mythology provides valuable insights into the cultural and societal beliefs of the ancient Norse people. The mythology surrounding Ratatoskr reflects their understanding of the interconnectedness of the cosmos, the importance of communication, and the acknowledgement of the perpetual conflict that shapes the world.
Despite the limited textual information about Ratatoskr, his character continues to intrigue modern readers and researchers, leading to various interpretations and creative adaptations in contemporary literature, art, and popular culture.
Ratatöskr/ Ratatoskr / ᚱᚨᛏᚨᛏᛟᛊᚲᚱ
Concepts & Places
Ginnungagap
Ginnungagap / ᚷᛁᚾᚾᚢᛜᚨᚷᚨᛈ
In Norse mythology, Ginnungagap is a primordial void or abyss that existed before the creation of the cosmos. It is often described as a vast and yawning chasm, a space devoid of form or substance. The concept of Ginnungagap is found in the Prose Edda, a collection of Old Norse myths and stories compiled by the Icelandic scholar Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century.
Ginnungagap plays a central role in the creation story of the Norse cosmos, where it serves as the backdrop for the emergence of the first beings and realms. The creation story involves the clash between fire and ice, personified as the primordial forces of Muspelheim (fire) and Niflheim (ice).
According to the myth, as the heat from Muspelheim and the cold from Niflheim met within Ginnungagap, they gave rise to the giant Ymir, who was the ancestor of the frost giants (Jotnar). Ymir's creation also led to the formation of the cosmic cow Audumbla, which nourished Ymir with her milk. Ymir's body served as the foundation for the creation of the world.
Ginnungagap is often associated with chaos and potentiality, representing the raw and undifferentiated state of existence before the cosmos took shape. The creation of the cosmos itself was a result of the interaction between opposing forces within Ginnungagap.
In addition to its role in creation, Ginnungagap is sometimes mentioned in association with other beings and events in Norse mythology. It serves as a reminder of the ancient and mysterious origins of the Norse cosmos, emphasizing the dynamic interplay of elemental forces and the complex web of connections between different realms and beings.
Overall, Ginnungagap symbolizes the concept of beginnings, the primal state of existence, and the foundational forces that shaped the Norse cosmos and its various inhabitants.
Muspelheim
Muspelheim / Múspellsheimr / Múspell / ᛗᚢᛊᛈᛖᛚᚺᛖᛁᛗ
Muspelheim is one of the nine worlds and is known as the realm of Fire. It is inhabited by the fire Giants and ruled by the giant Surtr, who wields a flaming sword and is said to be responsible for the destruction of the world during the events of Ragnarok.
Muspelheim is described as a place of intense heat and flames, with rivers of fire and molten lava flowing through its landscape. It is also said to be the source of the sun, which is said to be pulled through the sky by the giantess Skoll. According to Norse mythology, Muspelheim was created at the beginning of time, along with the other worlds, from the sparks and embers that flew from the fire world of Muspelheim and the ice world of Niflheim.
The fire giants who inhabit Muspelheim are considered to be among the most powerful beings in Norse mythology. They are known for their great strength and ferocity in battle, and are said to be immune to the effects of fire and heat. In some stories, they are depicted as enemies of the gods, and are said to be responsible for many of the calamities and disasters that befall the world of the living.
Despite its fearsome reputation, Muspelheim is an important realm in Norse mythology, as it represents the destructive power of fire and the forces of chaos and disorder. It is also associated with the creation and destruction of the world, as well as the eventual rebirth of the world after the events of Ragnarok.
Niflheim
Niflheim / Niflheimr / ᚾᛁᚠᛚᚺᛖᛁᛗᚱ
Niflheim is one of the Nine Worlds in Norse mythology, and it holds a significant place in the cosmology of the Norse universe. Here are some key details about Niflheim:
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Realm of Ice: Niflheim is often described as a realm of ice, cold, and mist. It is the polar opposite of Muspelheim, the realm of fire. The interaction between Niflheim's icy realm and Muspelheim's fiery realm played a central role in the creation of the cosmos.
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Primordial Origins: Niflheim is considered one of the primordial realms that existed before the creation of the world. It is believed to have been one of the first realms to come into existence.
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Well of Hvergelmir: Niflheim is home to the Well of Hvergelmir, a significant cosmic feature. This well is the source of many rivers, including the rivers that flow through the Norse world, such as the river Gjöll.
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Ginnungagap and Creation: The interaction between Niflheim's icy waters and Muspelheim's fire gave rise to the creation of the giant Ymir and the first beings. Ymir's body became the foundation for the creation of the cosmos.
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Frost Giants: Niflheim is associated with the frost giants (Jotnar), who are believed to have originated from the icy realm. These giants are often depicted as powerful and ancient beings with a close connection to the natural world.
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Rime-Cold: Niflheim's cold and icy environment is often referred to as the "rime-cold" or "hoarfrost-cold," emphasizing the frigid and desolate nature of the realm.
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Cosmic Role: Niflheim's interaction with other realms and its contribution to the creation of the cosmos illustrate the interconnectedness of the Nine Worlds in Norse mythology. It represents the elemental force of ice and its role in shaping the world.
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Influence on the Underworld: Niflheim is sometimes associated with the realm of the dead, Helheim. In some interpretations, the realm of Helheim is located within or adjacent to Niflheim. Helheim is ruled by the goddess Hel, who is associated with death and the afterlife.
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Apocalyptic Events: Niflheim's connection to the primordial and the forces of creation and destruction make it a realm of significance in Norse apocalyptic events such as Ragnarok, the final battle that leads to the end and renewal of the world.
Niflheim's icy and mysterious nature contributes to the rich and complex cosmology of Norse mythology. It represents the forces of cold, ice, and primordial beginnings, showcasing the balance between opposing elements that shape the Norse universe.
Helheim
Helheim, one of the Nine Worlds in Norse mythology, is a realm of the afterlife that holds a unique and intriguing presence in the Norse cosmology. Here is a description of Helheim:
Helheim is a place both enigmatic and somber, where the souls of the departed embark on their journey beyond the realm of the living. Ruled by the enigmatic goddess Hel, daughter of the trickster god Loki, this realm exists as a realm of transition, a threshold between the mortal realm and the cosmic unknown.
Upon crossing into Helheim, souls find themselves within an atmosphere veiled in a misty shroud, casting an aura of ethereal mystery. The landscape is a reflection of the realm's dual nature: half-light, half-shadow. It is a place where contrasting elements meld — where life and death, warmth and chill, intertwine.
As the souls traverse this realm, they encounter scenes that reflect the sum of their life's deeds. Hel's judgment is both just and impartial, shaping the afterlife experiences of each soul based on the choices they made during their time on Midgard. Some souls find solace in peaceful corners, basking in the gentle embrace of their memories. Others may encounter trials, their journey through Helheim mirroring the challenges they faced in life.
Among the realms within Niflheim, Helheim occupies a space of transition and preparation. It is not a realm of eternal torment, as depicted in some other mythologies, but rather a realm where souls find themselves awaiting their ultimate destiny — whether that be the restful reprieve of Valhalla or the challenges of Ragnarok.
In this realm, Hel's presence is both distant and ever-present, an embodiment of life's complexity and the interplay of light and darkness. Helheim stands as a testament to the Norse understanding of existence, where death is a continuation rather than an end. It is a realm where souls find themselves confronted with their past, their actions, and the possibility of a future yet to be written, echoing the timeless rhythm of the cosmos.
Helheim, also known as Hel, is one of the nine worlds, and is the realm of the dead. It is ruled over by the goddess Hel, who is half-dead and half-alive, and is the daughter of the god Loki and the giantess Angrboda.
Helheim is described as a cold and dark place, located in the north, beneath the roots of Yggdrasil, the world tree. The entrance to Helheim is guarded by the giantess Garm, who is said to have a fierce and terrible appearance. Those who die of old age or illness are said to be sent to Helheim, where they will reside until the end of the world, when they will be released during the final battle of Ragnarok.
According to Norse mythology, those who enter Helheim are judged by Hel and her minions, who determine their fate based on their deeds in life. Those who were brave and virtuous in life may be allowed to reside in a place called Gimle, which is said to be a beautiful and peaceful realm. Those who were evil or cowardly in life may be sent to a place called Nastrond, which is a terrible and painful place, where they will be punished for their crimes.
Helheim is also said to be home to many supernatural creatures, such as giant wolves and the dragon Nidhogg, who gnaws at the roots of Yggdrasil. Despite its dark and foreboding nature, Helheim is an important realm in Norse mythology, as it represents the cycle of life and death, and the eventual end of the world as foretold in the story of Ragnarok.
Yggdrasil
Yggdrasil is the world tree, which connects and supports the nine realms of the cosmos. It is considered one of the most important symbols in Norse mythology and plays a central role in the cosmology of the Norse people.
According to Norse mythology, Yggdrasil is an immense and ancient ash tree that stretches its branches high into the sky and its roots deep into the underworld. The tree is described as being so large that it provides a home for countless creatures, such as dragons, eagles, and squirrels, and its branches reach far beyond the realm of the gods.
The roots of Yggdrasil are said to be located in three separate wells. One well, called Hvergelmir, is located in Niflheim and is the source of all the rivers in the cosmos. The second well, called Mimir's Well, is located in Jotunheim and is said to contain the wisdom of the cosmos. The third well, called Urdarbrunnr, is located beneath the roots of Yggdrasil in Asgard and is the well of fate, where the Norns, the three fates of Norse mythology, dwell.
Yggdrasil is also considered the pathway between the different realms of the cosmos. The gods and other creatures could travel up and down the tree using its branches and roots. At the top of the tree, there is a great hall called Valhalla, where Odin, the king of the gods, welcomes the bravest of warriors who die in battle. At the base of the tree, there is a realm called Helheim, where the dead go after they pass away from old age or illness.
Yggdrasil is also associated with the cycle of life, death, and rebirth. It is said that the tree must be cared for and tended by the gods, or it will wither and die, leading to the end of the cosmos. It is also said that a great eagle, named Veðrfölnir, sits on top of the tree, and between its eyes, there is a hawk called Veðrfölnir, who constantly searches the cosmos and reports back to the eagle.
The nine worlds of Yggdrasil in Norse mythology:
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Asgard: The realm of the Aesir gods and goddesses, including Odin, Thor, and Freya.
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Vanaheim: The realm of the Vanir gods and goddesses, including Njord and Freyja.
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Midgard: The realm of humanity, located between Asgard and Jotunheim.
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Jotunheim: The realm of the giants, including the frost giants and the fire giants.
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Svartalfheim: The realm of the dwarves, skilled craftsmen who create powerful weapons and magical items.
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Alfheim: The realm of the light elves, beautiful and ethereal beings who live in harmony with nature.
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Nidavellir: The realm of the dark elves, known for their connection to death and the underworld.
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Helheim: The realm of the dead who do not go to Valhalla, ruled by the goddess Hel.
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Muspelheim: The realm of fire and heat, ruled by the fire giant Surt, and considered the opposite of Niflheim, the realm of cold and ice.
Sacred Plain of Ida
the Sacred Plain of Ida (also known as Ida Plain or Ida Field) was an important location associated with the gods and their activities. The plain was said to be located in the center of the universe, and it was where the gods held their meetings and assemblies. It was also the site of some of the most significant events in Norse mythology.
The Sacred Plain of Ida was said to be surrounded by mountains, and at its center was a great tree known as Yggdrasil. Yggdrasil was said to be the cosmic tree that connected the nine worlds of Norse mythology, and it was believed to be the axis mundi around which the universe revolved.
According to Norse mythology, the gods held their meetings on the Sacred Plain of Ida, where they discussed important matters and made decisions that affected the fate of the world. The most important of these meetings was the Althing, which was held once a year and attended by all the gods.
In addition to being the site of the Althing, the Sacred Plain of Ida was also the location of several significant events in Norse mythology. For example, it was where Odin sacrificed himself to gain knowledge of the runes, and where Thor battled the giant Hrungnir.
The Sacred Plain of Ida was also the location of several important buildings and structures. One of these was Valhalla, the great hall of the slain where warriors who died in battle were taken by the valkyries. It was also the location of Gladsheim, the hall of the gods, and Vingólf, the hall of the goddesses.
Bifrost Bridge
Bifrost, also known as the Rainbow Bridge, is a famous element of Norse mythology. It is a bridge that connects Asgard, the realm of the gods, to Midgard, the world of mortals. In Norse mythology, Bifrost is said to be incredibly beautiful and colorful, and is believed to be made of fire, water, and air.
According to Norse mythology, Bifrost was created by the gods as a way to travel between the different worlds of the Norse cosmos. The bridge is guarded by Heimdall, the watchman of the gods, who is responsible for protecting Asgard from any threats. Heimdall is said to have the ability to see for hundreds of miles and to hear the slightest sound, making him the perfect guardian for Bifrost.
Bifrost is often depicted as a rainbow-colored bridge that spans the gap between Asgard and Midgard. It is said to be incredibly strong and stable, able to support the weight of the gods and their horses. Bifrost is also believed to be a dangerous place, as it is said to be guarded by the giant Hrimthurs, who will attack anyone who tries to cross the bridge without permission.
One of the most famous stories involving Bifrost is the myth of Ragnarok, the apocalyptic battle that marks the end of the world. In this story, Bifrost is broken as part of the battle, with the bridge collapsing under the weight of the gods and their enemies. This event signals the end of the world and the beginning of a new cycle of creation and destruction.
Bifrost's importance in Norse mythology is evident in the fact that it is often depicted in art and literature from the period. The bridge is considered to be a symbol of the connection between the different worlds of the Norse cosmos, and its beauty and strength make it an important part of Norse mythology.
In conclusion, Bifrost, also known as the Rainbow Bridge, is a famous element of Norse mythology. It is a bridge that connects Asgard, the realm of the gods, to Midgard, the world of mortals. Bifrost is guarded by Heimdall and is believed to be incredibly beautiful and colorful, as well as strong and stable. Bifrost's importance in Norse mythology highlights the importance of connection and travel between the different worlds of the Norse cosmos.
Asgard
Asgard is one of the nine realms and is considered the home of the Aesir gods and goddesses. It is a walled city located high above the other realms and is said to be ruled by Odin, the All-Father, who resides in his hall, Valhalla.
According to Norse mythology, Asgard was created by Odin and his brothers, Vili and Ve, who killed the giant Ymir and used his body to form the world. Asgard is described as a magnificent city, with walls made of gold and a shining bridge called Bifrost that leads to the realm of Midgard.
The city of Asgard is home to many important landmarks and buildings, including Valhalla, the great hall of Odin, where the bravest of warriors go after they die in battle. Valhalla is described as a magnificent hall, with 540 doors and enough room to accommodate all of the fallen warriors.
Other notable landmarks in Asgard include Gladsheim, the hall of the Aesir, where the gods hold their meetings and make decisions, and Vingolf, the hall of the goddesses. The city is also home to a number of other buildings and structures, such as the forge of the dwarves, where the gods obtain their powerful weapons and magical items.
Asgard is also guarded by a number of powerful creatures, such as the Valkyries, who are responsible for choosing the bravest warriors to go to Valhalla, and Heimdall, the watchman of the gods, who guards the shining bridge of Bifrost.
In Norse mythology, Asgard plays an important role as the home of the gods and the center of the cosmos. It represents the ideal of order and stability, and the Aesir gods are often associated with justice, wisdom, and strength. Asgard is also associated with the concepts of fate and destiny, as the gods are said to play a crucial role in shaping the future of the cosmos.
Vanaheim
Vanaheim is one of the nine realms, and it is the home of the Vanir gods and goddesses. The Vanir are associated with nature, fertility, and prosperity, and they are considered to be a separate group of deities from the Aesir gods who reside in Asgard.
According to Norse mythology, the Vanir and the Aesir fought a long and bloody war, which eventually ended with a peace treaty between the two sides. As part of the treaty, the Vanir were welcomed into Asgard, and some of the Aesir, including the god Njord and his children Freyja and Freyr, went to live in Vanaheim.
Vanaheim is often depicted as a lush and fertile land, with abundant forests, rivers, and meadows. It is home to many different creatures and beings, including elves, giants, and animals like deer and boars. The Vanir gods are said to be skilled farmers and hunters, and they are known for their connection to the natural world.
One of the most important landmarks in Vanaheim is the hall of the Vanir gods, called Vanaheimr. It is said to be a magnificent hall, with many rooms and chambers, and it is where the Vanir hold their meetings and ceremonies.
In Norse mythology, Vanaheim represents the idea of fertility, growth, and abundance. The Vanir are associated with the cycles of nature, and they are often depicted as nurturing and caring deities who bring prosperity and good fortune to those who honor them. Vanaheim also represents the importance of diplomacy and negotiation, as the treaty between the Vanir and the Aesir helped to establish peace and stability in the cosmos.
Midgard
Midgard is the realm of humans, situated in the middle of the cosmos between the realm of the gods (Asgard) and the realm of the giants (Jotunheim). Midgard is also known as "Middle Earth" or "Mannheim" in Old Norse.
According to Norse mythology, Midgard was created by the gods Odin, Vili, and Ve, who used the body of the giant Ymir to form the world. They placed Ymir's eyebrows around the edges of Midgard to form the boundary between the world of humans and the other realms.
Midgard is described as a flat, circular disk surrounded by an ocean, and held up by four pillars. In the center of Midgard stands a giant tree called Yggdrasil, which connects the nine realms of Norse mythology.
The inhabitants of Midgard are humans, who are said to have been created by the gods from two trees, an ash tree and an elm tree. The first humans were named Ask and Embla, and they were given life, intelligence, and the ability to speak by the gods.
In Norse mythology, Midgard is the site of many important events and battles, including the creation of humans, the chaining of the wolf Fenrir, and the final battle of Ragnarok, in which the gods and their enemies will fight to the death.
Jötunheimr / Útgarðr
Jötunheimr is the realm of the giants, also known as Jotunheim or Jotunheimr. It is one of the nine worlds and is located in the eastern part of the world, beyond the ocean that surrounds Midgard, the realm of humans.
Jötunheimr is described as a harsh and inhospitable place, with rocky terrain and towering mountains. The giants who inhabit Jötunheimr are said to be powerful and dangerous, with the ability to control the elements and shape-shift.
According to Norse mythology, many of the gods and goddesses, such as Thor and Loki, have interacted with the giants of Jötunheimr. These interactions often involve challenges or battles, as the giants seek to prove their strength and superiority over the gods.
One famous story involving Jötunheimr is the tale of Thor's journey to the giant city of Útgarðr. In this story, Thor and his companions are challenged by the giant king, Útgarða-Loki, to perform a series of seemingly impossible tasks. Despite their best efforts, Thor and his companions are unable to complete the tasks, and it is revealed that they were all illusions created by the giant king.
Svartalfheim / Niðavellir / Svartálfaheimr
Niðavellir is the realm of the dwarves, also known as Svartálfaheimr. It is one of the nine worlds and is located beneath the earth, where the dwarves live and work their forges.
Niðavellir is often depicted as a dark and cavernous realm, with underground tunnels and halls where the dwarves create their magnificent weapons, jewelry, and other magical artifacts. The dwarves of Niðavellir are known for their craftsmanship, and they are said to be the finest artisans in all of the nine worlds.
In Norse mythology, the dwarves are important figures, often providing the gods and heroes with powerful weapons and artifacts. One famous story involving the dwarves of Niðavellir is the tale of Thor's quest for the hammer Mjölnir. In this story, Thor travels to Niðavellir to enlist the help of the dwarf smiths in creating a new hammer, after his original hammer is stolen by the giant Thrym.
The dwarves of Niðavellir are also known for their love of gold and other precious metals. They are said to guard vast treasure hoards, and their mines and forges are often located in close proximity to rich veins of ore.
Alfheim / Álfheimr / Ljósálfheimr
Álfheimr is the realm of the elves, also known as Ljósálfheimr. It is one of the nine worlds of and is located in the realm of Asgard, the home of the gods.
Álfheimr is described as a beautiful and enchanting realm, filled with forests, meadows, and lakes. The elves who live there are said to be tall and slender, with fair hair and radiant skin. They are known for their magical powers and their ability to control the forces of nature.
In Norse mythology, the elves are divided into two main groups: the light elves and the dark elves. The light elves, or Ljósálfar, are the beautiful and benevolent elves who live in Álfheimr. They are associated with sunlight, beauty, and grace, and they are said to be the guardians of nature.
The dark elves, or Dökkálfar, are the opposite of the light elves. They are associated with darkness, chaos, and destruction, and they live in Svartálfaheimr, the realm of the dwarves. Despite their negative reputation, the dark elves are also said to be skilled in magic and may be called upon for aid in certain circumstances.
In Norse mythology, the elves are important figures, often associated with magic, nature, and beauty. They are said to be allies of the gods and may offer their assistance to those who seek their aid.
The Three Wells
There are three wells located beneath the roots of Yggdrasil, the World Tree. These wells are collectively known as the "Well of Urd," the "Well of Mimir," and the "Well of Hvergelmir."
The Well of Urd (also called Urðarbrunnr) is the well of destiny, where the Norns, the three goddesses of fate, reside. The Norns are responsible for weaving the threads of fate that determine the destinies of all living beings.
The Well of Mimir (also called Mímisbrunnr) is the well of wisdom, where the god Mimir resides. Mimir is said to be one of the wisest beings in all of Norse mythology, and he is known for his knowledge and counsel. According to legend, Odin sacrificed one of his eyes to gain a drink from the Well of Mimir and thereby gain access to its wisdom.
The Well of Hvergelmir is a well of primordial chaos and the source of many of the rivers in Norse mythology. It is said to be located in Niflheim, the land of ice and mist. The serpent Nidhogg is said to reside in the well, gnawing on the roots of Yggdrasil and causing chaos in the world.
Together, these three wells form a crucial part of Norse mythology, representing fate, wisdom, and chaos.
The Three Norms (Nornir)
The three Norns (Old Norse: Nornir) are goddesses of fate who weave the threads of destiny for all living beings. They are known as Urd (the past), Verdandi (the present), and Skuld (the future).
Urd is the oldest of the Norns and presides over the Well of Urd, where she and her sisters weave the threads of fate. She is associated with the past, and her name means "fate" or "destiny." She is often depicted as an old woman, carrying a scroll or a book of fate.
Verdandi is the second of the Norns and is associated with the present. Her name means "becoming" or "the one who is becoming." She is responsible for weaving the present into the tapestry of fate and is often depicted as a young woman or a maiden.
Skuld is the youngest of the Norns and is associated with the future. Her name means "that which is to come" or "debt." She is responsible for weaving the threads of fate that will determine the future of all living beings. She is often depicted as a warrior, carrying a shield and a spear.
Together, the three Norns represent the cyclical nature of time and fate, weaving the threads of destiny for all beings in the nine realms of Norse mythology.
Draupnir
Draupnir is a magical golden ring in Norse mythology, belonging to the god Odin. It was created by the dwarves Brokkr and Eitri as part of a bet with Loki, who had boasted that they could not create items of equal value to those of the Sons of Ivaldi, another group of dwarves who had created numerous magical items for the gods.
Draupnir has the ability to create nine identical rings of the same size and weight every ninth night. Odin is said to have placed the ring on his son Baldr's funeral pyre, and it was subsequently burned with him.
In addition to its power of duplication, Draupnir is also said to have a curse on it. According to the Prose Edda, after Baldr's death, Odin took the ring and laid it on his son's body before he was set ablaze. Odin then whispered a spell into the ring, which cursed it so that it would always bring misfortune to anyone who owned it.
Despite the curse, Draupnir remained an important symbol of wealth and power in Norse mythology. It was considered one of the most valuable treasures in the world and was often used as a bargaining chip in exchange for services or goods.
In some versions of the mythology, Draupnir is also said to have played a role in Ragnarok, the Norse apocalypse. According to this interpretation, Odin would use the ring to pay the army of the dead who fought alongside him in the final battle.
Overall, Draupnir is an iconic and powerful object in Norse mythology, representing both abundance and misfortune.
Ettins / Jotnar / Giants
In Norse mythology, Ettins (also known as jotnar or giants) are a race of powerful, supernatural beings who are often depicted as enemies of the gods. Ettins are generally portrayed as large, powerful, and fearsome creatures, often with multiple heads or limbs.
Despite their fearsome reputation, not all ettins are necessarily evil. In some myths, they are depicted as living in harmony with the gods and humans, and even marrying and having children with them. However, more often than not, they are seen as hostile and dangerous, and are often portrayed as causing chaos and destruction.
Ettins are typically associated with natural forces such as storms, earthquakes, and floods. They are also often depicted as living in the mountains or other wild, rugged areas, and are sometimes said to be able to shape-shift into animals or other forms.
One of the most famous ettins in Norse mythology is the giant Ymir, who was said to have been created from the primordial chaos that existed before the world was formed. Ymir was eventually killed by the gods, and his body was used to create the world, including the oceans, mountains, and skies.
Another famous ettin is Loki, who is often portrayed as a trickster figure and a frequent enemy of the gods. Despite being half-giant, Loki is often considered to be more of a god than an ettin, and is sometimes even counted among the Aesir, the main pantheon of Norse gods.
Overall, the ettins are a fascinating and important part of Norse mythology, representing the primal forces of nature and the chaos that exists outside of human civilization. While they are often portrayed as dangerous and hostile, they are also a reminder of the power and majesty of the natural world, and the need for humans to respect and coexist with the forces that surround them.
Other
Baduhenna
Colours: black and dark green or black and dark red.
Symbols: crows, handaxe, black feathers.
Stones: garnet, hematite, onyx, git, black obsidian.
Metals: steel and any dark metal.
Baduhenna is not a figure from Norse mythology, but rather from Germanic paganism. She was a goddess of war and was worshipped by the ancient Frisians, a Germanic tribe that inhabited parts of what is now the Netherlands and Germany.
Unfortunately, there is very little information available about Baduhenna as most of the knowledge about Germanic paganism was transmitted orally and was not written down until later. The few references that do exist about her are found in Roman records from the 1st century AD.
According to these records, Baduhenna was worshipped by the Frisians in a sacred grove. The grove was believed to be a place where she would grant victory to her followers in battle. It is also said that a Roman army was defeated near this grove, and some sources suggest that Baduhenna may have been involved in this battle.
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